The Relationship Between Belief Of Changing Lifestyle To Reduce The Risk Of Dementia And Healthy Behavior In Adults

Objective:1.To clarify adults’ beliefs about changing lifestyles to reduce the risk of dementia,healthy behaviors and their demographic influencing factors.2.Based on the health belief model(HBM),the study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of belief in lifestyle change to reduce the risk of dementia on health behavior in Chinese adults.3.To analyze the belief and demand to change lifestyles to reduce the risk of dementia of high-risk adults,and to supplement and explain the results of quantitative research.Methods:This research adopts convergent parallel mixed methods,which is divided into three parts.1.The convenience sampling method was used to conduct anonymous online survey through Internet.The general information questionnaire,the self-designed dementia prevention knowledge questionnaire,the Motivation to Change Lifestyle and Health Behaviors for Dementia Risk Reduction(MCLHB-DRR)and the Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile-Ⅱ,Revise(HPLP-ⅡR)were used.The SPSS24.0 statistical software package was used to analyze the data.2.The research objects and tools are the same as the first part.The knowledge of dementia prevention,the scores of each dimension of MCLHB-DRR scale and the scores of HPLP-Ⅱ R scale were included to further analysis.SPSS24.0 software was used for correlation analysis,and AMOS24.0 software was used for path analysis to quantify the impact of each dimension on lifestyle.3.A semi-structured interview was conducted with 19 adults at high risk of dementia using the objective sampling method combined with the maximal sampling method to explore their cognition of reducing the risk of dementia by changing their lifestyle and their needs for health education.Results1.Dementia prevention knowledge,beliefs and health behaviors of Chinese adults to change lifestyle to reduce the risk of dementia and their influencing factors.1.1 the level of dementia prevention knowledge and distribution of knowledge sources.1201 Chinese adults were included in this study,including 357 males(29.7%)and 844females(70.3%);the age ranged from 18 to 86 years old(40.50 ± 12.72).In this study,the score of dementia prevention knowledge was 7.46 ± 2.85,with a score rate of 67.82%.The item "no one can reduce the risk of dementia in the future" had the lowest score,only 0.40 ±0.49,with a score rate of 36.36%.The main channels for people to acquire dementia prevention knowledge are network(26.60%),TV health program(23.40%)and books and newspapers(19.40%).Only 14.10% of residents who get dementia prevention knowledge through medical staff.1.2 The level of health belief in lifestyle change to reduce the risk of dementia and its influencing factorsThe average scores of each dimension of MCLHB-DRR from high to low were general health motivation(4.40 ± 0.78),self-efficacy(4.16 ± 0.86),perceived benefits(4.08 ± 0.91),cues to action(3.65 ± 0.94),perceived severity(2.75 ± 0.96),perceived barriers(2.56 ± 1.03)and perceived susceptibility(2.08 ± 0.82).Regression analysis showed that health belief was mainly influenced by gender,age,whether suffering from chronic noncommunicable diseases,dementia prevention knowledge level(P < 0.05),there are differences between the influencing factors of different health belief dimensions.1.3 Health promoting lifestyle and its influencing factorsThe score of health promoting lifestyle was 100.00 ± 15.81,and the main influencing factors of health promoting lifestyle were residence,education level,family history of dementia and knowledge of dementia prevention(P < 0.05).2.Effects of changing lifestyle to reduce dementia risk belief on health behaviors in adultsBased on the path analysis,it was found that perceived barriers(total effect-0.322,P<0.01)and perceived susceptibility(total effect-0.242,P<0.01)had negative effects on lifestyle,self-efficacy had promoting effects on lifestyle(total effect 0.207,P<0.01),perceived severity had positive effects both on perceived benefits(total effect 0.137,P<0.01)and perceived barriers(total effect 0.202,P<0.01),which had a contradictory effect in the formation of health belief.perceived benefits,cues to action and self-efficacy played a partial mediating role between knowledge and health behavior.The belief of changing lifestyle to reduce the risk of dementia could explain 24.5% of health behavior(P<0.05).3.Beliefs and demands of high-risk adults to make lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of dementiaAccording to the semi-structured interview of high-risk adults,six themes and 18 sub themes were obtained.The six themes were cognitive status of dementia,emotional attitude,social factors,information sources,self-efficacy,dementia risk prevention and control demands.Conclusions:1.The dementia prevention knowledge,health belief and health behavior of Chinese adults need to be further improved.Chinese adults generally believe that dementia cannot be prevented,and the respondents have a clear understanding of the positive role of lifestyle,but they lack the awareness of chronic diseases that can increase the dementia risk.The analysis of source of knowledge acquisition shows that the most common access for people to obtain dementia prevention knowledge is network,TV programs and books,while the suggestions from medical staff are less.2.Women,older age and chronic patients had stronger health belief in dementia prevention,while those who lived in urban areas,had higher education level and had a history of dementia contact had a healthier lifestyle.Dementia prevention knowledge had a positive effect on belief and behavior.In the prevention and intervention of dementia,targeted intervention can be carried out according to the health beliefs and behavior characteristics of people with different characteristics.3.In dementia prevention,perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers play an important negative role in health behavior,self-efficacy has an important direct positive effect on health behavior,perceived severity has a two-way effect on health belief of dementia prevention,and curs to action,perceived benefits and self-efficacy are important mediating roles between dementia prevention knowledge and health behavior.Under the current cognitive level of dementia prevention,the effect of health belief model on dementia prevention related behaviors is complex,with an explanatory effect of about 24.5%,and the predictive ability is limited.The application of health belief model in dementia prevention is worthy of further study.4.Adults at high risk have insufficient cognition of dementia and its prevention.They believe that the incidence of dementia is low,and they can perceive the serious outcome after dementia and have obvious negative emotions when talking about dementia.For dementia risk prevention and control,whether individuals adopt dementia prevention behaviors is not only affected by cognitive level,emotional and attitude,but also affected by social factors,knowledge sources,self-efficacy and other factors.The results of the interview have further supplemented and explained the results of quantitative research.The existing dementia prevention education cannot meet the needs of residents for dementia prevention.We should promote the education of dementia related knowledge and change the incorrect cognition and negative attitude towards dementia,so as to promote people to reduce the risk of dementia by changing their lifestyle.