Symptom Analysis Related To Alzheimer’s Diseases And Parkinson’s Desease Based On Pathway And Symptom Network

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and Parkinson’s Disease(PD)are both common neurodegenerative diseases in the world,which are more common among the elderly.However,the pathogenesis of these two diseases are still unclear,leading to several pathological hypothesis,separately.In terms of clinical manifestations,AD and PD often have a variety of symptoms due to individual differences and different disease progression,and the symptoms are often atypical and difficult to detect in the early stage.When the typical phenotype is diagnosed in the middle and late stages,the effect of intervention and treatment will be greatly discount,which may result in the dilemma of low diagnosis rate and high misdiagnosis rate.We therefore propose a symptom network-based analysis method to analyze the molecular mechanisms and clinical symptoms of AD and PD comprehensively.This article specifically collects and integrates the disease-related genes of the disease databases and human genetic researched on AD and PD.We use the phenotype enrichment function module to enrich the disease-related gene data,and obtains a list of symptoms closely related to the two diseaseas.After calculating the Jaccard Coefficient to measure the overlap degree of any two symptoms,we construct the specific symptom networks and a comorbidity symptom symptom network for AD and PD,and propose an important coefficient DJC value for a single node to screen out the key symptoms of AD and PD,so as to simplify the clinical symptoms.In order to study the functional characteristics of disease-related genes,this study performed gene ontology enrichment analysis and pathway enrichment analysis to understand the molecular mechanism characteristics of the disease.Finally,this paper maps the related symptoms and enrichment pathways of AD and PD to the protein-protein interaction network in the case of comorbidities.We obtains the key symptoms of AD and PD by calculating the separation coefficient between AD and PD-related symptoms and pathways.Relationship between comorbid symptoms and pathway mechanisms can be then further explored at the molecular level.Through the methods above,five important results are obtained:(1)We abtain 422 symptoms closely related to AD and 307 symptoms related to PD.The symptom networks screens out 18 AD key symptoms and 13 PD key symptoms by calculating the corresponding DJC values.The key phenotypes of AD mainly focuse on three aspects: nervous system abnormalities,language impairment and behavioral disorders.The key phenotypes of PD focus on abnormalities of the digestive system and abnormal muscle tone.(2)The comorbid symptom network of AD and PD screen out the 37 key symptoms according to DJC value.Most of these symptoms are shared symptoms,such as abnormal digestive system and abnormal nervous system.It also includes ADspecific symptoms,such as anterior cruciate atrophy;PD-specific symptoms,such as respiratory muscle weakness.(3)After eliminates the duplication by REVIGO,AD contains a total of 219 GO BP compressions,and the main biological processes focus on neurotransmitters,cell metabolism,and cell death;PD contains a total of 195 GO BP compresses,and the main biological processes focus on neuronal death and dopamine metabolism.In addition,the metabolic process of phosphorus and phosphorus-containing compounds are both highly enriched in AD and PD.(4)The results of pathway analysis show that AD and PD related gene sets can be enriched in 87 pathways and 70 pathways seperately.Infection,immunity,and metabolism-related pathways show a high degree of enrichment in both diseases.(5)The kay symptoms about abnormal digestive systems of AD and PD are closely related to neurotrophic signaling pathways and protein transfer pathways.These signals play an important role in neurodevelopment and other advanced activities such as learning and memory.This may infect the clinical symptoms of AD and PD,and has good prospects and potential significance for the improvement of each other’s clinical diagnosis.The comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanism and symptom network of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s syndrome in this paper provides a theoretical explanation for exploring the potential physiological mechanism and symptom distribution characteristics of the two diseases,and provides the pathological mechanism of AD and PD a new perspective and theoretical orientation.