| Liver cancer is one of the most dangerous malignant tumors in clinic.In recent years,with the development of society and the pressure of people’s work and life,the incidence rate and mortality of liver cancer also show an increasing trend.Therefore,active prevention and treatment of liver cancer is an important problem to be solved urgently.During the development of traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years,a large number of medical records with research value have been retained,among which there are many experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer related syndromes.In order to improve the overall level of prevention and treatment of liver cancer in China,and to achieve the goal of "research and development of Chinese medicine to treat hepatitis B and related liver cancer and delay the progression of disease",the "National Science and technology major project" has launched the research on the comprehensive treatment plan of Chinese medicine to delay the progression of hepatitis B related liver cancer.Based on the data of Ming and Qing Dynasty medical records of liver cancer related syndromes,and with data mining analysis as the main research method,this paper studies the distribution of syndrome elements and medication rules of liver cancer related syndromes,in order to provide reference for modern clinical diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.1.research purposeFor the liver cancer medical records of ancient China in Ming and Qing Dynasties,after collecting and sorting,a complete case database is established.Analysis of data,using data mining methods,statistics of the characteristics of the disease and medication law,and the related laws among symptoms,tongue,pulse,syndrome elements and drugs were mined,to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in modern medicine.2.Research contents and methods(1)literature survey,clear the scope of diseaseThe related teaching materials,professional books and guidelines published in recent 20 years were investigated to determine the screening range of liver cancer diseases in medical records of Ming and Qing Dynasties.(2)Formulating inclusion and exclusion criteriaAccording to the characteristics of medical records in Ming and Qing Dynasties,the corresponding inclusion and exclusion standards were formulated.(3)Establish a databaseTaking Medical Records Collection as the retrieval data,according to the disease category of ancient liver cancer,the medical records of Ming and Qing Dynasties which meet the inclusion criteria are screened out.Manually collect medical record information such as medical record number,medical record source,doctor’s name,patient’s name,patient’s age,patient’s gender,etiology,symptoms,tongue picture,pulse condition,location syndrome element,disease syndrome element,composition of traditional Chinese medicine,etc.,and standardize the terminology of the input information according to the relevant standard data of traditional Chinese medicine such as Thesaurus of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Differential Diagnostics of Traditional Chinese Medicine,etc.(4)Data mining and analysis resultsUsing IBM SPSS 19.0,IBM SPSS Modeler 14.1 and other software based on statistical methods such as frequency analysis,cluster analysis,factor analysis and correlation analysis,this paper analyzes the data mining of medical records of liver cancer in Ming and Qing Dynasties,and interprets the information such as etiology,symptoms,syndrome elements,tongue pulse and traditional Chinese medicine.3.Research resultsA total of 695 medical records for treating liver cancer in Ming and Qing Dynasties were selected from 59 ancient books of Ming and Qing Dynasties,with a total of 45 doctors.General statistics of medical records of liver cancer.A total of 206 gender medical records were recorded.Among them,the number of male cases is 135,while the number of female cases is 71.A total of 236 medical records recorded the causes of liver cancer,which were divided into six categories:exogenous,fatigue,emotional internal injury,mistreatment,improper diet and mistreatment,with a total of 236 occurrences.Among them,fatigue included labor,house labor and tiredness,and mistreatment was sweating and vomiting,while exogenous factors included exogenous wind and cold,exogenous wind and heat,exogenous heat and dampness.The results of symptom frequency analysis showed that 226 symptoms were recorded in 695 medical records,with a total of 2618 occurrences.There are 45 kinds of high frequency symptoms,with cumulative percentage reaching over 84.84%,including abdominal distension,hypochondriac pain,anorexia,yellow eyes,yellow face,fever,Huang Chi in urination,fullness in abdomen,fatigue,yellow body,abdominal lumps,hypochondriac lumps,dysuria,abdominal pain,edema,vomiting,constipation,cough,chest tightness under the heart,weight loss,and chest tightness By symptom factor analysis,25 common factors were extracted,which were yellow eyes,yellow body and Huang Chi of urine.F2 abdominal distension,hypochondriac pain and body swelling;F3 fatigue,yellow face and poor appetite;F4 cough and expectoration;F5 hates cold and fever.F6 abdominal pain,abdominal lumps;F7 bowel sounds and diarrhea;F8 is under the heart;F9 dry mouth and chest pain;F10 constipation;F11 perspires,showing blue veins in the abdomen;F12 irritability,thirst and epigastric pain;F13 dizziness and insomnia;F14 cold and heat,emaciation;F15 urinary incontinence,difficult stool;F16 loose stool,dysuria;F17 cold hands and feet;F18 chest tightness;F19 vomiting;F20 bludgeons;F21 waist and knees are weak;F22 hiccup;F23 stool bleeding;F24 After the grain is finished,the belly is full;F25 urine is astringent and wheezing.By cluster analysis of symptoms,16 groups of symptoms were obtained,which were yellow eyes,yellow body,Huang Chi urine and astringent urine.T2 constipation,cold and heat,chest tightness;T3 is irritability and thirst;T4 is anorexia,emaciation and cold limbs.T5 is yellow face,fatigue,soreness of waist and knees;T6 is fever,aversion to cold and sweating.T7 is dizziness and hiccup.T8 is dry mouth and chest pain.T9 is cough,expectoration,hypochondriac pain and insomnia.T10 stool is difficult,urinary incontinence;T11 refers to heart fullness,epigastric pain and vomiting;T12 is a bludgeon;T13 is diarrhea,bowel sounds,abdominal lumps and abdominal pain.T14:Blood in stool,no change after the whole grain;T15 abdominal bleeding and asthma;T16 Abdominal distension,dysuria,edema,loose stool and fullness.As a result of symptom correlation analysis,20 correlation groups were obtained.After visualization,it can be seen that abdominal distension is closely related to fullness,edema,anorexia and dysuria;Yellow eyes and body are closely related to urinary Huang Chi.Data analysis and mining results of tongue and pulse.According to the frequency analysis of tongue images,119 medical records recorded tongue images,with a total of 26 pulse images,with a cumulative frequency of 181 times.High-frequency tongue images include white,greasy,yellow,white,red,thick,cracked,slippery,purple,dry,black,purple,dry and pale tongue.According to the analysis of pulse frequency,there are 330 medical records with a total of 25 kinds of pulse,with a cumulative frequency of 676 times.High-frequency pulse conditions include string,thin,number,sinking,astringent,slippery,large,flowing,weak,floating,late,weak,tight,red,slow and weak.Data analysis and mining results of traditional Chinese medicine.The frequency analysis of traditional Chinese medicine shows that there are 464 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine,and the cumulative frequency is 6437 times.There are 50 kinds of high-frequency traditional Chinese medicines with a cumulative frequency of 63.93%,such as Poria cocos,Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,Pinellia ternata,Atractylodis Rhizoma,Angelica sinensis,Magnolia officinalis,Alisma orientalis,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Rhizoma Cyperi,Ginseng,Herba Artemisiae Scopariae,Radix Aconiti Lateralis,Pericarpium Arecae,Semen Persicae,Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata,Fructus Toosendan,Radix Aucklandiae,Rhizoma Corydalis,Cortex Cinnamomi,Inulae,and Ginger According to the classification and distribution statistics of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines,there are 21 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines in all 464 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines,among which the top ten medicines with the highest frequency are tonifying deficiency,warming internal organs,relieving exterior syndrome,eliminating dampness and promoting digestion.Factor analysis of traditional Chinese medicine showed that there were 25 common factors,namely F 1 Alisma orientalis and Polyporus umbellatus.F2 Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata,Ginseng Radix and Atractylodis Rhizoma;F3 Fructus Toosendan and Rhizoma Corydalis;F4 Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,Poria cocos,Pinellia ternata and Magnolia officinalis;F5 Semen Persicae,Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Radix Curcumae;F6 medulla tetrapanacis and almond;F7 Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and Cortex Moutan;F8 chicken gizzard-skin,agarwood,belly skin;F9 dried ginger,aconite,cassia twig;F10 jujube and ginger;F11 Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Artemisia capillaris;F12 Radix Aucklandiae and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae;F13 Coptis chinensis,Evodia rutaecarpa and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi;F14 Radix Glycyrrhizae and Bupleuri Radix;F15 Cyperus rotundus,Inula,rhubarb;F1 immature bitter orange;F17 Radix Paeoniae Alba;F18 Hawthorn and Divine Comedy;F19 cinnamon;F20 Fructus Aurantii;F21 Semen Plantaginis and Coicis Semen;F22 Trichosanthes kirilowii;F23 oysters;F24 Amomum villosum;F25 Chuanxiong.Cluster analysis of traditional Chinese medicine showed that traditional Chinese medicine was divided into 6 groups.Group C1 was Alisma orientalis,Polyporus umbellatus,Poria cocos,Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,Magnolia officinalis,Massa Medicata Fermentata and Amomum villosum.Group C2 consisted of Pericarpium Arecae,Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli,Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum,Semen Plantaginis,Herba Artemisiae Scopariae,Fructus Gardeniae,Semen Armeniacae Amarum,medulla tetrapanacis,and Coicis Semen.Group C3 is Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Semen Persicae,Inula,Radix Curcumae,Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride,Radix Aucklandiae,Rhizoma Corydalis,Fructus Evodiae,Fructus Toosendan,Rhizoma Cyperi and Fructus Crataegi.Group C4 consisted of Pinellia ternata,Trichosanthes kirilowii,Fructus Aurantii,Coptidis Rhizoma,Group C5 consisted of ginger,jujube,licorice,Bupleurum root,white peony root and Chuanxiong rhizome.Group C6 consisted of Cortex Moutan,Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata and Concha Ostreae.Alisma orientalis,Magnolia officinalis and other drugs,formed different correlation groups.Correlation analysis of symptoms,tongue,pulse and traditional Chinese medicine.Correlation analysis between symptoms and traditional Chinese medicine showed that abdominal distension,hypochondriac pain,anorexia,yellow eyes,yellow face,fever,Huang Chi of urine,fullness of abdomen,fatigue and yellow body were related to traditional Chinese medicine.Traditional Chinese medicines related to abdominal distension include Poria cocos,Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,Magnolia officinalis,Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz,Alisma orientalis,etc.Chinese medicine related to hypochondriac pain includes Angelica sinensis,Pinellia ternata,peach kernel,white peony root,Inula,Cyperus rotundus,Curcuma aromatica,etc.The related traditional Chinese medicines for anorexia include dried tangerine peel,Pinellia ternata,Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz,ginseng,Alisma orientale,Coptis chinensis,Paeonia lactiflora pall,immature bitter orange,and Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata.The related traditional Chinese medicines include Poria cocos,Herba Artemisiae Scopariae,Alismatis Rhizoma,Gardenia jasminoides Ellis,Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,Magnolia Officinalis,Pinellia ternata,etc.The related Chinese medicines with yellow face include Poria cocos,Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,Herba Artemisiae Scopariae,Atractylodis Rhizoma,Alismatis Rhizoma,Magnolia Officinalis,Gardenia jasminoides Ellis,etc.Fever-related Chinese medicines include Herba Artemisiae Scopariae,Fructus Gardeniae,Alismatis Rhizoma,Rhizoma Cyperi,Cortex Moutan,Semen Armeniacae Amarum,Bupleuri Radix,etc.The related Chinese medicines for urinary Huang Chi include Poria cocos,Herba Artemisiae Scopariae,Fructus Gardeniae,Atractylodis Rhizoma,Alismatis Rhizoma,Magnolia Officinalis,Polyporus,Coptis chinensis,etc.The traditional Chinese medicines with abdominal fullness include Poria cocos,Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz,Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,Magnolia officinalis,Alisma orientalis,Pericarpium Arecae,Aconitum carmichaeli,etc.The traditional Chinese medicines associated with fatigue include Poria cocos,Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz,Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,Herba Artemisiae Scopariae,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Alismatis Rhizoma,Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata,Ginseng,etc.The related traditional Chinese medicines include Herba Artemisiae Scopariae,Poria,Fructus Gardeniae,Alismatis Rhizoma,Atractylodis Rhizoma,Polyporus and Cortex Phellodendri.Chinese medicines related to tongue,pulse and disease include Poria cocos,Angelica sinensis,Pinellia ternata,Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz,Magnolia officinalis,Zingiberis Rhizoma,Aconitum carmichaeli,Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,Alismatis Rhizoma,etc.According to the frequency analysis of disease syndrome elements,522 medical records containing disease syndrome elements were recorded,and 26 kinds of disease syndrome elements were found,a total of 1031 times,of which the highest frequency included dampness,heat,qi deficiency,phlegm,cold,yin deficiency,blood deficiency and so on.The high frequency disease locations included liver,spleen,lung,gallbladder,heart,less abdomen,large intestine and so on.Correlation analysis of disease location syndrome elements showed that the related groups were liver and spleen,spleen and stomach,spleen and kidney,liver and gallbladder,liver and kidney,etc.The disease location is related to disease nature,including spleen and dampness,heat and spleen,etc.The relevant research shows that the Chinese medicine which can treat moisture include Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz,Magnolia officinalis,Alisma orientalis,etc.Hot related Chinese medicines include Poria cocos,Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,Magnolia officinalis,Alisma orientalis,Herba Artemisiae Scopariae,Coptis chinensis,etc.Traditional Chinese medicines associated with qi stagnation include Poria cocos,Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,Pinellia ternata,Angelica sinensis,Magnolia officinalis,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Cyperus rotundus,Fructus Toosendan,and Rhizoma Corydalis.Traditional Chinese medicines related to blood stasis include Angelica sinensis,Cyperus rotundus,Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride,Semen Persicae,Fructus Toosendan,Radix Aucklandiae and Rhizoma Corydalis.Traditional Chinese medicines associated with yang deficiency include monkshood,radix glycyrrhizae preparata,pericarpium arecae,cortex magnolia officinalis,pericarpium citri tangerinae,cortex cinnamomi,fructus amomi,etc.Phlegm-related Chinese medicines include Poria cocos,Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,Pinellia ternata,Magnolia officinalis,etc.Cold-related traditional Chinese medicines include Aconitum carmichaeli,Cinnamomum cassia,Amomum villosum,ginseng,Atractylodes macrocephala koidz,cortex moutan,dried ginger,etc.Traditional Chinese medicines associated with yin deficiency include Radix Paeoniae Alba,Cortex Moutan,Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Jujube,Radix Rehmanniae Preparata,etc.As a result of correlation between disease location and traditional Chinese medicine,the related traditional Chinese medicines of spleen include Poria cocos,dried tangerine peel,Pinellia ternata,Atractylodes macrocephala,Magnolia officinalis,Alisma orientalis,dried tangerine peel,etc.Liver-related Chinese medicines include Pinellia ternata,Angelica sinensis,Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,Ginseng,etc.Stomach-related Chinese medicines include Poria cocos,Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,Pinellia ternata,Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz,Magnolia officinalis,Alisma orientalis,Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz,etc.Kidney-related Chinese medicines include Poria cocos,Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz,Alisma orientalis,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Pinellia ternata,Ginseng,Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,Aconitum carmichaeli,Cinnamomum cassia,etc.Lung-related Chinese medicines include Radix Paeoniae Alba,Inula,Radix Curcumae,Radix Glycyrrhizae,Cortex Moutan,Semen Armeniacae Amarum,Fructus Trichosanthis,Fructus Evodiae,etc.Traditional Chinese medicines related to gallbladder include Cortex Moutan,Bupleuri Radix,Scutellariae Radix,Radix Curcumae,Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens,Rhizoma Pinelliae,Cortex Moutan,Radix Angelicae Sinensis,etc.Research conclusions:Through data analysis and mining of 695 medical records related to liver cancer in Ming and Qing Dynasties,the distribution of syndrome elements and drug use rules of liver cancer in Ming and Qing Dynasties were studied.The main conclusions are as follows:in general,there are more cases of liver cancer in men than in women;Illness is caused by inappropriate diet,fatigue,mistreatment,exogenous factors,emotional internal injuries and mistreatment,with inappropriate diet accounting for the largest proportion,followed by fatigue.The clinical symptoms of liver cancer are complex,with abdominal distension,hypochondriac pain,anorexia,yellow eyes,yellow face,fever and fatigue as common.Distribution of syndrome elements:The syndrome elements of liver cancer are widely distributed,the key factors include dampness,heat,qi deficiency,phlegm,cold,yin deficiency and blood deficiency.The key factors of disease location syndrome are lstomach,gallbladder,lung,kidney,meridian,less abdomen,large intestine and so on.Medication rule:Doctors in Ming and Qing Dynasties treat liver cancer from two aspects:deficiency syndrome is mainly qi deficiency,yang deficiency,yin deficiency and blood deficiency.In clinical practice,ginseng,Atractylodes macrocephala koidz,honey-fried licorice,white peony root,cinnamon,Amomum villosum,raw licorice,peony bark,jujube,Evodia rutaecarpa,prepared rehmannia root,angelica,aconite,cassia twig and dried ginger are the main types,invigorating qi,warming yang and so on The main symptoms are damp-heat,turbid phlegm,blood stasis,food retention and qi stagnation.Poria cocos,tangerine peel,Pinellia ternata,Magnolia officinalis,Cyperus rotundus,Herba Artemisiae Scopariae,Green Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae viride,Coptis chinensis,Gardenia jasminoides Ellis,Pericarpium Arecae,Semen Toosendan,Radix Curcumae,Fructus Aurantii Immaturus,Polyporus,Coicis Semen,Massa Medicata Fermentata,Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli,Fructus Aurantii and Fructus Tricho The clinical features of liver cancer are mixed with actual and false conditions.Doctors in Ming and Qing Dynasties mainly focus on clinical features.Based on different symptoms,medication should also consider profit and loss. |
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