| Chapter 1 Analysis of the Correlation between Syndrome of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Colonoscopy and Serological Changes in Ulcerative ColitisObjective:To investigate the correlation between colonoscopy,plasma expression levels of Heme Oxygenase-1(HO-1),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),and C reactive protein(CRP),and the severity and Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndromes of ulcerative colitis(UC),we carried out this clinical observation study.Methods:A total of 52 plasma samples were collected from 26 UC subjects and 26 healthy subjects.Based on the modified Mayo scale,the plasma samples were classified into mild active,moderate active,and severe active groups.In the light of colonoscopy results,the samples were divided into mild,moderate,and severe groups.According to clinical expression and syndrome differentiation,the samples were divided into Da Chang Shi Re syndrome and Pi Shen Liang Xu syndrome groups.HO-1 level was tested from fasting cubital venous plasma,CRP and ESR results were obtained from the related medical records.p<0.05 was regarded as a significant statistical difference.Results:Compared with the mild and healthy group,the levels of HO-1,CRP,and ESR in the plasma of the moderate group were significantly higher.While the plasma level of HO-1 in the mild active samples showed no statistical significance with the healthy group.HO-1,CRP and ESR levels in the plasma of Da Chang Shi Re syndrome patients were significantly higher than Pi Shen Liang Xu syndrome patients.The severity of colonoscopy and modified Mayo classification in Da Chang Shi Re syndrome patients were higher than Pi Shen liang Xu syndrome patients.Conclusion:The levels of HO-1,CRP,and ESR in plasma are positively correlated with the severity of UC.The plasma expression levels and colonoscopy can be utilized as a diagnosis standard to measure the severity of UC.Serological changes and colonoscopy can be used as a criterion for distinguishing of deficiency and excess TCM syndromes of UC.However,the HO-1 plasma level is not sensitive in mild UC subjects,so it may not be that helpful in screening the UC patients in the initial stage.Chapter 2 Study on the Remedy of Colon Cancer by Curcumin via Activating the Nrf2 Signaling PathwayObjective:Colon cancer is a type of common malignant tumor of the digestive tract with a high mortality rate and it is prone to metastasis.Therefore,there are certain difficulties in its therapy.As a traditional herbal medicine active ingredient,curcumin(CUR)has been utilized in the treatment of many diseases.It had been reported that CUR could regulate the expression of related proteins in the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to treat various tumors through reducing oxidative stress.Nevertheless,it had not been widely reported in the treatment of colon cancers.Therefore,the remedy of CUR in colon cancer cells was observed and the correlation between CUR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was explored in the research.The purpose of the study is to provide innovated insights into the clinical treatments of colon cancer.Methods:Two types of colon cancer cells,HCT116 and HT29 were selected in the research.Firstly,the half inhibitory concentrations of CUR against the two cells were calculated through CCK-8 test,and the doses of CUR in the following experiments were selected according to the results of CCK-8.Besides,the wound healing test and the cell plate cloning experiment were utilized to observe the inhibition of CUR on cell migration and clonal proliferation.Western blotting was used to examine the changes in the expression of related proteins in Nrf2/HO-1 pathway,and to explore whether CUR could regulate the pathway to inhibit the vitality of colon cancer tumors.The experimental results are expressed as X±Std.The statistical analysis between groups and one-way analysis of variance were completed by t-test,and p<0.05 indicated statistical significance.Results:The half inhibitory concentrations of CUR in HCT116 and HT29 were 12.11±6.58μM and 11.31±6.49μM by CCK-8.The repairability of two kinds of cells was observed through a cell scratch test after treated with 10μM of CUR for 24 hours.It was revealed in the experiment,compared with the control group,the in vitro migration ability of colon cancer cells was inhibited by CUR.Through the experiment of cell plate clone formation,the cloning ability of two types of colon cancer cells was observed after treated with 10μM of CUR for 24 hours.Compared with the control group,CUR had an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of colon cancer cells.In Western Blotting experiments,we observed the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the cancer cells after 24 hours of treatment with 10μM CUR.The results indicated that the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were both increased,and the expression of HO-1 was increased significantly.Conclusion:CUR can inhibit the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells.The reason for inhibiting cell proliferation and migration could be related to the regulation of the protein expression in the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.The result can provide theoretical support in the clinical application of CUR in the treatment of colon cancers.Chapter 3 Research on the Preparation and Physicochemical Evaluation of New Formulation of CurcuminObjective:The limitations of Curcumin(CUR)including low solubility,poor absorption in aqueous solutions,and poor oral bioavailability prevent its further clinical application.To enhance the tumor therapy effect in clinical,the superfluous oral dosage of CUR is often utilized.Taken overdose of drugs will inevitably cause unnecessary damage to the liver and kidney functions.The porous structure of the zeolite imidazole salt skeleton-8(ZIF-8)has been utilized in the drug delivery system due to its low toxicity.The purpose of this study is to improve the bioavailability of free curcumin by preparing ZIF-8@CUR,a type of curcumin nano-agent.As a result,we can enhance the therapeutic effect on colon cancer.Methods:Firstly,we prepared ZIF-8@CUR and observed its morphology with electron microscope.At the same time,the structure of ZIF-8@CUR was qualitatively analyzed by X-ray diffraction,and ZIF-8@CUR was quantitatively analyzed by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS),and the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were calculated.Results:The scanning electron microscopy results indicated that ZIF-8@CUR had a polyhedron with regular morphology and uniform particle size.The X-ray diffraction results indicated that the spectrum of ZIF-8@CUR was consistent with the ZIF-8 in the literature,revealing that the ZIF-8@CUR had been prepared successfully,and the frame of ZIF-8 had not been destroyed by CUR.Through LC-MS experiment,the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of ZIF-8@CUR were 3.1%and 86.98%respectively.Conclusion:During the treatment of colon cancers,the utilization of traditional Chinese medicinal active ingredients encapsulated with nanomaterials to enhance the curative effects would probably have broad therapeutic prospects.At the same time,it can also broaden the clinical treatment of other tumors. |
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