Study On The Influencing Factors Of Understanding Chinese Idioms In Convalescent Schizophrenics

Objective:This study focused on the understanding mechanism of idioms in patients with schizophrenia in convalescence.In Study 1,the influence of different semantic properties on the understanding of idioms in patients with schizophrenia was explored with familiarity as an independent variable.In the second study,we conducted two experiments at lexical level and lexical map level to investigate whether the Chinese idiom concretization effect occurred in the precision patients.In the third study,eye movements were used to explore whether the idiomatic externalization effect still appeared in the context of precision patients.Methods:This research is experimental research.In the results of study 1,representativeness made a greater contribution than familiarity in the process of understanding idioms by both normal subjects and patients.Compared with patients,normal subjects had better pragmatic environment and pragmatic competence.In Study 2,patients showed a significant tendency of concretization in vocabulary tasks,while the control group was consistent with the significance hypothesis.In the picture task,the patients did not show obvious concretization tendency,the control group and the normal group were consistent with the significance hypothesis,and both showed that the processing time of metaphorical correlation map was long.In the comparison of vocabulary task and picture task,compared with normal people,the understanding of idioms in schizophrenic patients is worse than that in normal people due to the damage of language cognitive function,and the correct rate of idioms understanding is lower and the reaction time is longer.The results showed that the response time of the patient group to the picture task was significantly longer than that to the vocabulary task,but the accuracy of the picture task was higher than that of the vocabulary task;The accuracy performance of the control group was consistent with that of the patient group,but on the contrary,the reaction time of the picture task was shorter than that of the vocabulary task.Mental imagery provides a great help for normal people and schizophrenic patients in processing idioms,making them easier to understand idioms.However,when dealing with picture tasks,patients need to rely on information integration of surrounding environment.and the reaction time is longer,which reflects that the situation integration ability of patients based on theory of mind is damaged,leading to the phenomenon that individuals have difficulty in processing and reasoning picture information,and need more cognitive resources to process information.Therefore,there are differences in reaction time between the word picture level of patients and control group.In the process of understanding the situation integration ability of idioms,we need to call the function of abstract thinking and memory of patients,and the degree of damage of these functions increases with the increase of the course of disease,so the longer the course of disease,the lower the accuracy rate.Results:In the results of study 1,the representation score is higher than that of familiarity in the process of understanding idioms between normal subjects and patients,and the language test score of normal subjects is better than that of the patients.In the second study,the semantic properties,the main effects of the Related words and the interaction between the two were not statistically significant in the patients group.Moreover,the literal meaning related words in the patients group were higher than those of the metaphorical ones in the correct rate.The control group tended to use the literal meaning and incline to the metaphorical idiom,The accuracy of the comparison of the relative words in the control group was significantly higher than that of literal words.Under the condition of word related to literal meaning,the accuracy rate of judging the idioms of inclined literal meaning is significantly higher than that of the idioms with inclined metaphorical meaning;Under the condition of the relative words of metaphorical meaning,the accuracy rate of judging the idioms of the literal meaning of the tendency is significantly lower than that of the idioms with the tendency to metaphorical meaning.In the picture task,the accuracy of the judgment of the literal correlation graph was significantly higher in the patients and the control group than in the metaphorical correlation graph;Under the condition of tendency to metaphorical idiom.the accuracy of comparison of household image is significantly higher than that of literal correlation graph.Compared with normal people,schizophrenics have poor understanding of idioms due to the damage of cognitive function,which is manifested in the lower accuracy and longer reaction time of the comprehension of idioms.The results showed that the response time of patients to picture task was significantly longer than that of vocabulary task,but in terms of accuracy,picture task was higher than vocabulary task;The accuracy of the control group was consistent with that of the patients,but the opposite was that the response time to picture task was shorter than that of vocabulary task.The data in the control group were better than those in the patient group,regardless of the material.The impairment of abstract thinking and memory function of patients increases with the increase of course of disease,so it shows the longer the course of disease and the lower the accuracy rate.In the context task,the behavior data showed that the control group showed a significant tendency of metaphorical meaning,while there was no difference in the patient group.Eye movement data showed that both schizophrenics and the control group showed a common phenomenon:in understanding literal idioms,they used idioms themselves more,while in understanding metaphorical idioms,they used context itself more,and the fixation time in the three character idiom area was significantly longer than that in the context area.The difference is that the difference of schizophrenia patients is concentrated in the early processing(TFF,FB),and the difference of the control group is concentrated in the late processing(FC,TVD).Conclusion:The results show that:1.The cognitive ability and idiomatic language understanding ability of schizophrenic patients are weaker than those of healthy controls;2.In convalescent schizophrenic patients,the effect of idiom comprehension is embodied;The understanding mechanism of schizophrenia was consistent with the literal priority hypothesis in the non constructive view,while the understanding mechanism of healthy control group was consistent with the whole word priority hypothesis in the non constructive view;3.The situation integration ability of schizophrenic patients is impaired,but mental image is helpful for schizophrenic patients to understand idioms.Context has no significant effect on the process of understanding Chinese three character idioms with different semantic properties.