| Objective:In order to understand molecular epidemiological characteristics of Blastocystis hominis,Cryptosporidium,Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in humans and animals in some rural areas of Hunan Province and predict the trend of Cryptosporidium infection in rural residents of Binyang County,Guangxi,which provide reference for the prevention and control of intestinal protozoan infection in rural areas of China.Methods:1.Molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis hominis,Cryptosporidium,Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in humans in some rural areas of Hunan ProvinceThis study took the rural areas of Hunan Province as the research site.According to the geographical location,Hunan Province was divided into five areas:east,west,south,north and middle.Two areas were randomly selected,and a city/state was randomly selected in each area,and then a town was randomly selected in each city/state according to a simple random sampling method.In each town,a simple random sampling method was used to randomly select eligible residents for this study.Each town surveyed at least 300 people a year and at least 600 people a year in total.Fresh feces samples of humans in the study sites were collected,and DNA was extracted from feces samples for PCR analysis to detect Blastocystis hominis Cryptosporidium,Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi to obtain the infection rate and subtype/specie/genotype/assemblage characteristics.The influencing factors of intestinal protozoa infection were analyzed by χ2 test,Fisher exact test and logistic regression analysis.2.Molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis hominis,Cryptosporidium,Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in animals in some rural areas of Hunan ProvinceIn the above-mentioned survey areas,considering the living environment of the population in the town,fresh feces samples of different species of animals were collected randomly and DNA was extracted from feces samples for PCR analysis to detect Blastocystis hominis,Cryptosporidium,Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi to obtain the infection rate and subtype/specie/genotype/assemblage characteristics.3.Analysis on the trend of Cryptosporidium infection in rural population in Binyang County,GuangxiBased on the data of Cryptosporidium infection rate of rural residents in Binyang County,Guangxi in 2014,2016,2017 and 2018,a non-equidistant grey model was established to predict the trend of Cryptosporidium infection in the next two years.The model effect was tested by residual test,correlation test and posterior test.Results:1.Molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis hominis,Cryptosporidium,Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in humans in some rural areas of Hunan ProvinceBlastocystis hominis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were detected in this study.Cryptosporidium and Giardia were not detected.The positive rate of Blastocystis hominis was 5.5%(34/619),of which 26.5%(9/34)were male and 73.5%(25/34)were female.Single factor analysis showed that sex and drinking raw water were the influencing factors of Blastocystis hominis(χ2=6.282,P=0.012;χ2=11.972,P=0.003).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male(P=0.012,OR=0.363,95%CI:0.165,0.797),drinking half a bottle of raw water per week(P=0.001,OR=4.282,95%CI:1.855,9.885),drinking more than half a bottle of raw water per week(P=0.040,OR=2.562,95%CI:1.044,6.290),and rasing domestic livestock(P=0.048,OR=4.356,95%CI:1.014,18.702)were the influencing factors of Blastocystis hominis infection.In this study,Blastocystis hominis contained five genotypes,of which ST1 accounted for 20.6%(7/34),ST2 11.8%(4/34),ST358.8%(20/34),ST5 2.9%(1/34)and ST7 5.9%(2/34).In this study,three positive samples of Enterocytozoon bieneusi were detected in rural residents of this area,two from men and one from women.Genotype analysis of three positive samples showed that all of them were Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype D.2.Molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis hominis,Cryptosporidium,Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in animals in some rural areas of Hunan ProvinceA total of 192 fecal samples of animals were collected in this study.Blastocystis hominis,Cryptosporidium,Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were detected and the infection rates were 14.6%(28/192),1.6%(3/192),0.5%(1/192)and 0.5%(1/192),respectively.The animals infected with Blastocystis hominis were chickens(n=16),ducks(n=5),pigs(n=4),dogs(n=2)and cats(n=1).The genotypes of Blastocystis hominis were ST5(1/28),ST6(2/28),ST7(23/28)and ST10(2/28).Cryptosporidium was detected in the feces of one chicken and two cats and the genotypes were C.avian genotype Ⅲ(n=1)and C.felis(n=2),Giardia assemble A was detected in the feces of one dog,and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype D was detected in the feces of one cattle.3.Analysis on the trend of Cryptosporidium infection in rural population in Binyang County,GuangxiThe prediction model of Cryptosporidium infection trend in rural residents of Binyang County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was:X(0)(ki+1)=-6.8395/Δki+1(1-e0.289 1Δki+1)e-0.2891Δli+1.According to the model,the fitting values of 2014,2016,2017 and 2018 are 2.9%,1.5%,1.0%and 0.7%,respectively.The predictions for 2019 and 2020 are 0.5%and 0.4%respectively.The absolute errors of the prediction model are 0.000 0,-0.001 6,0.136 8 and-0.121 4,and the relative errors are 0.000 0,0.001 1,0.124 4 and 0.202 3,respectively.The correlation degree r=0.667 7,the posterior variance ratio C=0.106 8,and the posterior probability P=1.00.Conclusion:In this study,the infection rate of Blastocystis hominis in rural residents of Hunan province is relatively high,and ST3 is the main genotype.Female,drinking raw water and raising livestocks are the risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infection in this area.It is necessary to improve the propaganda and education of this population and control the infection trend of intestinal protozoa.The infection rate of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in rural residents in this area is low,and the main genotype is genotype D.Cryptosporidium and Giardia were not detected in fecal samples of the study population.Blastocystis hominis,Cryptosporidium,Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were detected in animals in this area,and most of them were zoonotic.Therefore,we should improve the management of animal feces and improve the health awareness of the population in this area to prevent the transmission of zoonotic parasitic diseases.The non-equidistant grey model GM(1,1)for predicting Cryptosporidium infection trend of rural residents in Binyang area of Guangxi established in this study has good prediction accuracy and can be used to predict Cryptosporidium infection in this area.. |
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