Comparative Research On The Current Situation Of Healthy Aging Among The Urban And Rural Elderly In Jining City

Objective:To understand the current situations and differences in the health aging,inherent competences and external environment among the urban and rural elderly in Jining City,clarify the relationship among the health aging,intrinsic capacity and external environment of the urban and rural elderly,explore the factors influencing the health aging of the urban and rural elderly and provide the reference basis for the targeted researches on the health aging and nursing intervention among the urban and rural elderly.Methods:To adopt the cross-sectional research in descriptive researches and sample 817 urban and rural old people at the age of more than 60 in Jining City by convenience sampling;to carry out a survey by using the general material questionnaire,health aging scale,intrinsic capacity assessment tools(including Barthel Index,Cornell Medical Index Factor A,Short-form Mini-Nutritional Assessment,Positive and Negative Affect Scale PA Factor and Mini-mental State Examination)and external environment assessment tools;to analyze data by using SPSS 26.0 and examine that the difference of P < 0.05 is of statistical significance by employing frequency,constituent ratio,mean and standard variation,t test,one-way analysis of variance,Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis methods.Result:(1)The general situation of research objects: 817 research objects are 70.60±7.06 years old on average.In terms of gender composition,there are 455 males(55.7%)and 362 females(44.3%).With regard to the place of residence,there are 411 people(50.3%)living in cities and406 people(49.7%)living in rural areas.For the marital status,754(92.3%)people are married and have a spouse,occupying the largest proportion.When it comes to the housing condition,606people(81.8%)live with their spouses,accounting for the largest proportion.In addition,647people(79.2%)meet their children at least once a week,showing the largest proportion.In the meantime,335 people(41.0%)suffer from one chronic disease.At the end,430 people(52.6%)give the grade of excellence in health self-evaluation.There was no significant difference in the general situation between urban and rural elderly,which was comparable.(2)Differences of healthy aging level,internal ability and external environment level between urban and rural elderly :The research objects obtain the scores on average in the health aging level,including the urban elderly of 124.48±15.57 scores and the rural elderly of 111.39±18.54 scores.The research objects obtain the scores on average in intrinsic capacity including the urban elderly of 172.10±17.02 scores and the rural elderly of 162.95±18.68 scores.The research objects obtain the scores on average in external environment,including the urban elderly of 89.05±10.38 scores and the rural elderly of 85.44±11.81 scores.(t=10.931,P <0.001;t=7.314,P<0.001;t=4.635,P<0.001)。(3)The differences in demographic characteristics of healthy aging level,intrinsic capacity and external environment level between urban and rural elderly: the differences of healthy aging level,intrinsic capacity and external environment level between urban and rural elderly in age(except 60 to 74 years old),gender,marital status(except widowed and others),living status(except living alone and other relatives),family relationship(except general and tense relationships),frequency of gathering with children(except monthly),family monthly income(except 3000 yuan or more),The scores of education level(except technical secondary school and high school or above),chronic disease status(except for one type),self-rated health(except for poor health),urban elderly are higher than rural elderly,and there are differences between groups except for the difference.It is statistically significant(P<0.05).(4)Factors influencing health aging: intrinsic capacity and external environment are positively correlated with health aging(P<0.05)among the urban elderly.Age,marital status,family relationship,frequency of meeting children,monthly household salary,health self-evaluation,intrinsic capacity and external environment are the factors influencing the health aging of the urban elderly with the total explainable variation of 65.1%(F=64.817,P<0.05),while age,family relationship,frequency of meeting children,degree of education,monthly household salary,condition of chronic disease,intrinsic capacity and external environment are the factors influencing the health aging of the rural elderly with the total explainable variation of72.5%(F=89.867,P<0.05).Conclusion:(1)Although the elderly in urban and rural areas are above the average in the aspects of healthy aging,intrinsic capacity and external environment,and the elderly in urban areas are greater than that in rural areas in these aspects,they still need to improve these aspects.(2)The elderly who are younger,males and married,live with spouse or children,have better family ties,higher education level and higher monthly household income,meet with children frequently,suffer from no chronic disease and perform better in the self-evaluation of health status in urban and rural areas have better healthy aging,intrinsic capacity and external environment.(3)For the elderly in urban and rural areas,their healthy aging is influenced by age,family ties,frequency of meeting children,monthly household income,external environment and intrinsic capacity.In addition,the elderly in urban areas are also impacted by age and the self-evaluation of health status,and the elderly in rural areas are also influenced by education level and chronic diseases.As an important factor influencing healthy aging,intrinsic capacity shall be focused on by medical staffs in communities,and the reasonable health management mode shall be explored to stop the decline of the intrinsic capacity.Because there are differences in the level of healthy aging between the elderly in rural and urban areas,personalized health care services shall be provided for the elderly in rural and urban areas.In the meantime,it is necessary to create a friendly external environment,generate the resultant force from multiple aspects and improve the health aging level of the elderly in the rural and urban areas in China.