A Longitudinal Study On The Benefit Of Caregivers Of Children With Congenital Heart Disease Surgery And Its Influencing Factors

Objective1.To understand the status quo,level and dynamic changes of benefit perception of primary caregivers of children undergoing congenital heart disease surgery 1 day before surgery（T₁）,1 month after discharge（T₂）,and 3 months after discharge（T₃）.2.To analyze the main factors affecting the sense of benefit of primary caregivers T₁,T₂and T₃in children undergoing congenital heart disease surgery.3.To investigate the trends of social support and general self-efficacy among primary caregivers of children undergoing congenital heart surgery（CHD）at T₁,T₂and T₃.4.To clarify the correlation among the primary caregivers T₁,T₂and T₃sense of benefit,social support and general self-efficacy in children undergoing congenital heart surgery,and to provide scientific reference for clinical nursing intervention.MethodThis study used a prospective longitudinal study design,the selection between December 2019 and November 2020 in Dalian,a children’s hospital cardiac surgery of96 cases of children with congenital heart disease surgery the main caregivers as the research object at T₁,T₂and T₃three research,T₁,T₂and T₃time points to children with congenital heart disease surgery main caregivers to benefit the present situation and the main influencing factors of feeling,sense of longitudinal comparative benefit in primary care,social support,and the dynamic changes of the general self-efficacy,clear sense of caregivers benefit,social support and general self-efficacy.The research tools were general situation questionnaire,caregiver benefit scale,social support rating scale and general self-efficacy scale.SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for data processing and analysis.Descriptive and univariate analysis was conducted on the benefit perception scores of primary caregivers of children undergoing congenital heart surgery at different stages.Repeated measure variance was used to analyze the variation trend of benefit perception,social support perception and general self-efficacy of primary caregivers at three time points in children undergoing congenital heart surgery.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between caregiver benefit perception,social support and general self-efficacy of primary caregivers in children with congenital heart disease surgery at three time points.Multivariate linear regression method was used to analyze the main factors affecting the sense of benefit of the primary caregivers of children with congenital heart disease surgery at three time points.Result1.The total score of benefit perception of primary caregivers at T₁,T₂and T₃children undergoing congenital heart surgery were（85.61±18.13）,（86.39±15.31）and（85.29±15.96）,which was above the average level.The scores of benefit perception acceptance dimension of primary caregivers T₁,T₂and T₃were（11.09±2.75）,（11.48±2.45）and（11.36±2.65）.The scores of family relationship dimension were（23.74±4.99）,（23.68±4.32）and（23.92±4.30）.The scores of personal growth dimension were（28.16±6.66）,（28.49±5.29）and（27.97±5.41）.The scores of social relationship dimension were（11.78±3.02）,（11.70±2.67）and（11.17±2.68）.The scores of health behavior dimension were（10.93±3.51）,（10.89±3.03）and（10.95±2.99）.The total score,acceptance dimension and personal growth dimension of primary caregivers at T₁,T₂and T₃were firstly increased and then decreased.The scores of family relationship dimension and health behavior dimension were firstly decreased and then increased.The score of social relationship dimension showed a downward trend,with statistical significance（P<0.05）.2.At T₁time point,family income,subjective support and general self-efficacy had significant statistical differences on the influencing factors of benefit perception of caregivers of children with congenital heart surgery（P<0.05）.The effects of subjective support and general self-efficacy on caregivers’perceived benefit at T₂time point were statistically significant（P<0.05）.The effect of general self-efficacy at T₃time point on caregivers’benefit was statistically significant（P<0.05）.3.The total scores of T₁,T₂and T₃social support were（44.16±7.11）,（44.17±6.94）and（44.71±6.65）.The scores of objective support dimension were（10.94±2.79）,（10.85±2.70）and（10.39±2.84）.The scores of subjective support dimension were（25.71±4.21）,（25.79±3.97）and（26.10±4.21）.The scores of utilization dimension of support were（7.81±1.88）,（7.82±1.94）and（8.22±1.98）.The general score of self-efficacy were（2.85±0.68）,（2.83±0.57）and（2.83±0.60）.T₁,T₂,T₃social support total score,the subjective support dimension score was rising trend;The scores of objective support dimension and general self-efficacy showed a downward trend.The score of the utilization of support showed an upward trend,with statistical significance（P<0.05）.4.Subjective support dimension and general self-efficacy had significant positive correlation with caregivers’benefit perception at T₁time point（r=0.362～0.430,P<0.01）and.At T₂,the subjective support dimension,general self-efficacy and caregivers’benefit perception were significantly positively correlated（r=0.271～0.526,P<0.01）.There was a significant positive correlation between general self-efficacy and caregivers’sense of benefit at T₃（r=0.293～0.581,P<0.01）.Conclusion1.T₁,T₂,and T₃,the primary caregivers of children undergoing congenital heart disease surgery had an above-average sense of benefit,and T₂had the highest level of perceived benefit.T₃had the lowest level of perceived benefit,slightly lower than T₁.2.The main influencing factors of the benefit of the main caregivers of children with T₁congenital heart disease surgery are family income,subjective support,and general self-efficacy;the main influencing factors of the benefit of the main caregivers of children with T₂congenital heart disease surgery are subjective Support and general self-efficacy;the main factor influencing the benefit of the main caregivers of children with T₃congenital heart disease surgery is general self-efficacy.3.The social support of the primary caregivers of children undergoing congenital heart surgery,especially the subjective support dimension,has been continuously improved;The objective support dimension and general self-efficacy showed a decreasing trend with the prolonging of operation time,so the medical staff should carry out targeted nursing intervention measures.4.To improve the general self-efficacy of primary caregivers of children with congenital heart disease surgery can improve the primary caregivers’sense of benefit.Focusing on the subjective support dimension at T₁and T₂can improve the benefit perception of primary caregivers.