| ObjectiveWith the improvement of modern living standards,people’s lifestyles and dietary habits have greatly changed,and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）has gradually increased,and the various chronic complications caused by it have also Climbing.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）is one of the common chronic comorbidities of T2 DM.It is closely related to T2 DM,and the two promote each other’s occurrence and development.3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoie acid（CMPF）is an endogenous furan fatty acid metabolite.It is closely related to T2 DM and NAFLD,but the specific mechanism is not yet fully clarified.Here,we measured CMPF levels in the serum of patients with T2 DM,T2DM patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,simple non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and healthy individuals to explore the expression of CMPF in T2 DM patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with various metabolic related indexes such as glucose and lipid metabolism.MethodSubjects were selected from the outpatient physical examination and endocrinology inpatients of the Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College,a total of193 cases were divided into 4 groups according to the presence or absence of type 2diabetes（T2DM）and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）.There were 49 cases in the normal control group（NC group）（23 males and 26 females）,42 cases in the simple type 2 diabetes group（T2DM group）（22 males and 20 females）,and the simple nonalcoholic fatty liver group（NAFLD）Group)45 cases（19 males,26 females）,type 2diabetes mellitus combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver group（T2DM+NAFLD group）57 cases（28 males,29 females）.Collect the general data of the admitted cases at the time of admission,and collect fasting blood to detect biochemical indicators: fasting blood glucose（FBG）,fasting insulin（FIns）,glycosylated hemoglobin（Hb A1c）,aspartate aminotransferase（AST）,glutamate Aminotransferase（ALT）,glutamyl transferase（GGT）,triglycerides（TG）,total cholesterol（TC）,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）.Calculate body mass index（BMI）,waist-to-hip ratio（WHR）,insulin resistance index（HOMA-IR）,homeostasis model to evaluate β cell function index（HOMA-β）.In addition,fasting blood samples were collected from the patients,and the CMPF concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）.The differences in general data,biochemical indicators and serum CMPF levels between the four groups were compared.All data are calculated with SPSS26.0.If P<0.05,we consider the difference to be statistically significant.Result1.No significant statistical differences were observed in gender or age among the four groups（P > 0.05）.2.Compared with the NC group,the levels of WHR,BMI,Hb A1 c,FIns,HOMA-β,HOMA-IR,GGT,ALT,TC,TG,LDL-C in the NAFLD group were significantly increased（P<0.05）and the levels of HDL-C and CMPF were significantly reduced（P<0.05）;The levels of WHR,BMI,FBG,Hb A1 c,FIns,HOMA-IR,TC,TG,LDL-C and CMPF in the T2 DM group were significantly increased（P<0.05）and the levels of HDL-C and HOMA-β were significantly reduced（P<0.05）;The levels of WHR,BMI,FBG,Hb A1 c,FIns,HOMA-IR,GGT,ALT,TC,TG,LDL-C in the T2 DM combined NAFLD group were significantly increased（P<0.05）,while the levels of HDL-C and HOMA-β were significantly reduced（P<0.05）.3.Compared with the NAFLD group,The levels of WHR,BMI,FBG,Hb A1 c,FIns,HOMA-IR,TG,CMPF in the T2 DM combined NAFLD group were significantly increased（P<0.05）,while the levels of HDL-C and HOMA-β were significantly decreased（P<0.05）.4.Compared with the T2 DM group,the levels of WHR,BMI,HOMA-IR,GGT,and AST in the T2 DM combined NAFLD group were significantly increased（P<0.05）,while the levels of HDL-C and CMPF were significantly decreased（P<0.05）.5.In the NGT population（NC and NAFLD groups）,CMPF was significantly negatively correlated with BMI,FIns,HOMA-IR,HOMA-β,and TG（P<0.05）,and it has no significant correlation with age,weight,waist circumference,WHR,FBG,Hb A1 c,GGT,ALT,AST,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C（P>0.05）.Further multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that TG is an independent related factor affecting CMPF.6.In T2 DM patients（T2DM and T2DM+NAFLD groups）,CMPF was significantly negatively correlated with BMI,FIns,and HOMA-β,and significantly positively correlated with FBG and HDL-C（P<0.05）and it has no significant correlation with age,weight,waist circumference,WHR,HOMA-IR,Hb A1 c,GGT,ALT,AST,TC,TG,LDLC（P>0.05）.Further multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that FBG,FIns,and BMI are independent related factors that affect CMPF.7.Whether it is in people with normal glucose tolerance or in patients with type 2diabetes,logistic regression analysis shows that CMPF is a protective factor for NAFLD.Conclusion1.Compared with patients with only T2 DM,patients with T2 DM and NAFLD have more severe insulin resistance and liver damage.2.Whether in NAFLD patients with normal glucose tolerance or NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes,serum CMPF levels are reduced,and CMPF is negatively correlated with HOMA-IR in people with normal glucose tolerance,and is independently negatively correlated with TG.In diabetic patients,CMPF is positively correlated with FBG and negatively correlated with FIns,suggesting that CMPF may affect insulin resistance by affecting lipid metabolism,and affect glucose metabolism by affecting insulin secretion.3.Serum CMPF levels are closely related to glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism,affecting the occurrence and development of T2 DM and NAFLD,and CMPF is a protective factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in both normal glucose tolerance people and type 2 diabetes patients. |
