The Relationship Between Lifestyle Factors And Sarcopenia In Suburb-dwelling Older People

Background:Sarcopenia is a disease that is characterized by the decline of skeletal muscle mass,muscle strength,and physical performance.This suggests that we may start with the lifestyle of the elderly,explore the relationship between lifestyle factors and sarcopenia,and early intervene the risk factors of sarcopenia in the lifestyle to avoid the occurrence of sarcopenia.Therefore,the purposes of this study are:1)To explore the relationship between lifestyle factors and sarcopenia through cross-sectional study;2)To explore the related risk factors of sarcopenia,especially the influence of lifestyle factors on sarcopenia through a three-year cohort study;3)To explore the necessity and importance of lifestyle factors for early prevention of sarcopenia.Methods:In 2016,a total of 907 suburb-dwelling older individuals(aged≥60y)were recruited from Chadian and Hangu,Tianjin as free physical examination program for the elderly aged≥60y program.Objective examinations included routine physical measurements,body composition,grip strength,walking speed,blood biochemical indicator detection and questionnaires.We defined sarcopenia using the diagnostic algorithm recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia.Lifestyle factors include smoking,drinking,IPAQ,sleep status,living alone status,oral hygiene and nutritional status.Logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between lifestyle factors and sarcopenia.In 2018,the baseline population was followed up and the above relevant data were collected again.After 3 years of follow-up,704 older were finally included in the study.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk relationship between lifestyle factors and the incidence of sarcopenia.Results:1)In the cross-sectional study,of the 907 participants included in this study,there were 394 men(43.4%).The mean ages of the subjects without and with sarcopenia were 66.6±5.5 and 71.4 ± 6.3 years,respectively.The total prevalence of sarcopenia was 6.3%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=1.17,95%CI 1.10-1.25),gender(OR=6.42,95%CI 2.32-17.80),BMI(OR=0.73,95%CI 0.64-0.84),smoking,sleep duration and diabetes(OR=3.40,95%CI 1.36-8.49)were associated with sarcopenia.Among them,when the group who had never smoked was used as the reference,the ORs for sarcopenia in the groups who had quit smoking and were still smoking were 0.78(95%CI 0.27-2.21)and 3.14(95%CI 1.34-7.37)respectively;when using the 8-9hours sleep duration group as a reference,the ORs for sarcopenia in the groups who slept<6,6-7,7-8,and>9 hours were 1.77(95%CI 0.13-24.87),5.68(95%CI 1.59-20.23),4.13(95%CI 1.36-12.51)and 9.87(95%CI 3.48-27.99),respectively.2)In the cohort study,of the 704 participants included in this study,there were 318 men(45.2%).The incidence of sarcopenia during the 3-year follow-up was 8.10%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=1.07,95%Cl 1.01-1.14),BMI(OR=0.90,95%CI 0.82-0.99),smoking and sleep duration were related to sarcopenia.Among them:when the group who had never smoked was used as the reference,the ORs for the incidence of sarcopenia in the groups who had quit smoking and were still smoking were 2.36(95%confidence interval 0.92-6.00)and 2.54(95%confidence interval 1.17-5.53),respectively;when using the 6-7hours sleep duration group as a reference,the adjusted ORs for sarcopenia of the groups who slept<6,7-8,8-9,and>9 hours were 1.29(95%CI 0.12-13.49),1.39(95%CI 0.40-4.81),1.99(95%CI 0.58-6.78)and 3.75(95%CI 1.12-12.50),respectively.In addition,Cox regression analysis showed that the>9h group exhibited a mortality risk that was 2.24 times higher than the 6-7h group.Conclusions:Our studies showed smoking and long sleep(>9 hours)duration could be independent risk factors for sarcopenia in suburb-dwelling older.Therefore,clinical practitioners should pay more attention to smokers and long duration sleepers who are elderly to improve their sarcopenia status and reduce other adverse health outcomes.