Analysis Of Benefit Incidence Among Migrant Population Of Public Medical Services

In order to advance the "Healthy China" strategy and promote the equalization of medical services,the government has been increasing medical expenditures and the supply of public medical services.Medical institutions utilize government subsidies to provide public medical services,from which their users receive part of medical subsidies,replacing private consumption and increasing their disposable income.Therefore,residents receive benefits while using medical services and then get net benefits after subtracting private medical expenses,which causes the redistribution of income.Due to individual differences,it remains to be determined who can benefit from public health services and whether the benefit incidence is fair.Urbanization is an effective way to break the dual structure of urban and rural areas,and it is necessary to achieve modernization.In China,large-scale migration has become a significant phenomenon during the process of urbanization.There were 247 million migrants in 2016,more than one sixth of the total population.How to protect the livelihood of migrants has become the focus of public policy.The article selects the perspective of the migrant people as an entry point to analyze the benefit incidence of public medical services among the groups and its redistribution effect.In order to verify whether the benefit incidence of public medical services is fair and whether the gap between the rich and the poor in society can be narrowed,the article analyzes the medical benefit incidence among the groups through the benefit incidence analysis(BIA)method,and then uses the index analysis method to measure the redistribution effect.The article is divided into five parts.The first part is an introduction,which shows the background and significance,research methods,and the innovations and deficiencies of the research.The second part is the theoretical and literature review.For one thing,it introduces the financial investment on medical equalization,the current allocation of medical resources,and the redistribution effect of financial tools as the basis for subsequent research.For another,the latest research results of domestic and foreign scholars on the BIA method and current utilization of medical services of migrant population are described.The third part introduces the research methods and data sources.It explains the research method of analyzing benefit incidence of fiscal expenditure(BIA method).Then it clarifies the calculation of medical utilization and unit cost and introduces the indicators for redistribution measurement.The fourth part shows the empirical results.It describes the benefits incidence and redistribution effects of public medical services among the migrant groups,simultaneously compared with non-migrant population.The fifth part is conclusions and policy recommendations.Summarize the analysis results of the article,and then make recommendations for the government on public medical service supply based on the conclusions.The findings are as follows: First,the biggest benefit group of public medical services is the high-income group and the benefit incidence between migrant population is pro-rich and unfair.The benefit incidence of non-migrant population is also like this,just more fair than the migrant population.Second,interregional benefit incidence tilt to eastern region,and the proportion of medical benefits in the central region is much smaller than its population proportion.Under different flow directions,the medical benefits tilt to urban-urban migration,not the others.Under different flow ranges,medical benefits are more inclined to inter-provincial migrant groups.Third,the redistribution of public medical services has narrowed the social income gap,but the allocation of private costs has offset some of positive effects.The positive redistribution effect among non-migrant population is larger than that of migrant population,which is more effective to solve the income inequality.According to the research conclusions,four suggestions are proposed on the public policy.First,promote the medical insurance system.Streamline the relationship between Hukou and social insurance,and unify the types of medical insurance between rural and urban areas so that migrants can access equal public services just as the locals.Second,optimize the structure of fiscal expenditures on medical care.Improve the transfer payment system and make sure the central government bear the main responsibility in medical expenditures so as to promote regional equalization.Third,broaden the supply channels for medical funds.Establish a government-led multiple funding model for medical and health care by introducing an endowment fund,so as to form a medical subsidy mechanism that parallels social donations and fiscal expenditures.Fourth,increase the utilization efficiency of the medical institution on the medical subsidy funds.Establish a strict budget management system,forming a comprehensive evaluation mechanism so as to maximize the effect of the medical funds and promote the equalization of public medical services.