Research On Benefit Incidence Of Public Medical Service And Its Effects On Income Distribution Among Middle-aged And Elderly People In China

As we all know,the link between income inequality and health inequality tends to be very strong.In order to solve the problem of health inequality between urban and rural residents in China,the Chinese government has been vigorously increasing the supply of public medical services and improving the ability of medical security.At present,China has basically established a medical and health service system which cover both urban and rural areas,and its capacity for disease prevention and control has been enhanced.The report of the 19 th national congress of the communist party of China(CPC)has indicated that in order to carry out the “Healthy China strategy ”,and actively respond to the aging population,China should build a policy system and social environment for providing for the aged,showing filial piety and respect for the aged.The government should also promote the integration of medical care and nursing and accelerate the development of undertakings and industries for the aged.At the same time,with the development of society,the concept of "raising children for their old age" is gradually weakened.Due to the weakening of family structure and function,the risk of physical and psychological diseases of the elderly is increased.The consumption of the elderly in the medical field is different from that in the endowment insurance field,and the consumption in the medical field will change with the change of diseases.Under these conditions,it is worth exploring whether public medical services play a role in eliminating inequality among the elderly and how the distribution of benefits is presented between different income groups.This paper is expected to provide suggestions for the implementation of relevant policies and make public medical insurance an important means to adjust the gap of cash income distribution.This paper consists of five parts.The first part is the introduction,which introduces the background and significance of the topic,the research status at China and abroad,and finally represent a review of the literature.The second part introduces the background of the development China's public medical services,the status of aging population in China and the reason and reflection of the change of the elderly care.The third part firstly introduces the method of confirming the beneficiary of public medical service,then introduces the method of quantifying the benefit of public medical service,and finally introduces the evaluation benefit incidence and income redistribution effect.The fourth part is the core of this paper.In order to explore whether the treatment of public health services as cash subsidies promotes income distribution.The fourth chapter analyzes the benefits of public medical services in the middle aged and elderly people groups.The fifth part is the conclusion and policy suggestion.The innovation of this paper lies in choosing China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)to analyze of public medical benefits and income distribution effects in the elderly.The Logit model was used to analyze the probability of using public medical services based on the data of CHARLS2011,2013 and 2015,.The Negative binomial model is used to estimate the potential use of medical service intensity.To further analyze the benefits of middle aged and elderly people in different income groups,the observations were divided into high-income and low-income groups according to the median per capita household net income.Finally,the insured value method was used to evaluate the possible intensity of individuals who did not use medical services.The empirical results show that the income gap among the middle and elderly are very significant.Although the net benefit of the high-income group is always higher than that of the low-income group in the public medical services field,its proportion in the total benefit is gradually decreasing,which reflects the incentive effect of medical insurance.In China,the distribution of medical security benefits in the elderly population is progressive,but it has not been fully tilted to low-income groups.