| To provide a theoretical basis for improving the soil quality,corn yield,and the rational use of green manure resources in winter field in North China,this paper studied the effects of winter green manure pressure on soil nutrients by planting pressure Oryehophragmus violaeeus,Vicia villosa Roth,Secale cerealeand Rerennial ryegrass for 10 consecutive years,enzyme activity and effects of corn growth,nutrients and yield.The main findings are as follows:（1）For 10 consecutive years of planting winter green manure,the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,nitrate nitrogen,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium increased by 0.23 %～14.91 %,0 %～11.20 %,10.29 %～73.53 %,1.85 %～36.27 %,3.78 %～8.56 %,6.69 %～12.98 %,0.45 %～30.52 %,and1.62 % ～12.96 %.Compared with winter leisure fields,the pH value of Vicia villosa Roth was reduced by 0.25 %,and the soil pH value of other winter green manure treatments increased by 0.50 %～1.51 %.The soil EC values of Oryehophragmus violaeeus,Vicia villosa Roth,Rerennial ryegrass,Oryehophragmus violaeeus+Vicia villosa Roth and Secale cereale+Vicia villosa Roth treatments decreased by 20.77 %,14.16 %,5.49 %,33.69 % and 2.46 %respectively,compared with winter idle fields,while the pH and EC values of other winter green manure soils increased slightly.（2）During the whole growth period of corn,the contents of soil nitrate nitrogen,alkaline e nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in different treatments were basically consistent with the sampling period.The soil nitrate nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen contents in the treatments of winter green manure and winter leisure were all the same.Compared with winter leisure soil,the contents of nitrate nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen in Vicia villosa Roth,Vicia villosa Roth+Secalecereale,Oryehophragmus violaeeus+Vicia villosa Roth soils increased more;the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in the soils treated with winter green manure were basically high throughout the growing season of corn During the winter leisure treatment,the change of soil pH during the corn growth cycle was relatively small,and the overall trend was increasing-decreasing-increasing.At the end of the entire maize growth period,the pH value of the soil in each treatment increased slightly from the initial value,and the EC value decreased from the initial value.（3）Compared with winter leisure treatment,soil polyphenol oxidase increased by1.03%～4.94%,soil urease increased by 0.45%～1.56%,soil invertase and alkaline phosphatase increased by 0.22%～1.79% and 5.41%～23.62%.Correlation analysis showed that there was a correlation between soil polyphenol oxidase and total soil nutrients,available phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase,with a very significant positive correlation,and significant correlation with alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and sucrase or significantly negative correlation.Soil alkaline phosphatase was extremely significantly positively correlated with soil total phosphorus,and significantly positively correlated with available phosphorus and total nitrogen content.There was a very significant positive correlation between invertase and soil total nitrogen and available potassium,and a significant positive correlation with the content of alkaline nitrogen.Soil urease was significantly positively correlated with total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,and organic matter.（4）Planting winter green manure is beneficial to the chlorophyll synthesis of corn and enhances the photosynthetic rate of corn leaves.Compared with winter leisure treatment,the nitrogen absorption content of corn grains increased by 1.67%～18.27%,the phosphorus absorption content of corn grains increased by 2.11%～37.66%,and the potassium absorption content of corn grains increased by 8.13%～29.74%.The ear weight of corn increased by4.60%～12.46%,and the number of corn kernels increased by 0.86%～1.70%.The ear weight and 100-grain weight of corn treated with green manure increased by 1.51%～9.26% and0.54% ～ 2.85%,respectively,and the yield increased by 8.16%～24.84%.Therefore,planting winter green manure can not only make full use of large areas of winter idle fields,increase soil nutrient content,soil enzyme activity,but also increase corn yield. |
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