| Apple is the largest fruit in China.China is the world’s largest apple planting and consumption country.Apple planting area and yield rank first in the world.In the production management of apple orchards,fertilization is the key operation link.In all kinds of fertilization methods,basal fertilizer accounted for more than 70 % of the total fertilization.At present,basic fertilizer fertilization is still mainly artificial fertilization,and the degree of mechanization is low.The existing fertilization equipment generally has the following problems: single-stage operation,low operation efficiency,poor operation quality,unable to apply organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer together,poor operation flexibility,and high power consumption.Therefore,in this paper,a crawler self-propelled orchard double row ditching fertilizer machine is designed to realize the integrated operation of crawler selfpropelled forward,double row ditching,deep application of organic fertilizer,chemical fertilizer,and soil.The operation parameters are adjustable in real-time,which meets the requirements of the best fertilization position and the best fertilization amount of fruit trees,improves the efficiency and quality of ditching fertilization in apple orchards,and then improves the production efficiency of orchards.The main research contents of this paper are as follows :（1）Design a crawler self-propelled orchard ditching fertilizer machine.The structure of the whole machine is composed of a power plant,frame,ditching device,soil device,fertilizer discharge device,fertilizer transmission device,and control system.It realizes the integrated operation function of track walking forward,double row ditching,deep application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer,and soil.It solves the problems of low mechanization of base fertilizer fertilization,low operation efficiency,and poor fertilization quality in a modern apple orchard with dwarf rootstock and dense planting in China.Structural design and parts selection are carried out for the whole power system and frame,in which rubber caterpillar self-propelled chassis is used for the power system and cloud diesel engine with rated power of 74 k W is used for the power source.The frame is designed as a side beam double-storey structure.（2）Design the key components of the crawler self-propelled orchard double-row furrow fertilizing machine.Through the method of theoretical calculation and three-dimensional design,trenching device,soil device,fertilizer discharge device,fertilizer transmission device,and control system are designed and selected.The diameter of the ditching plate of the ditching device is designed as 300 mm,and the ditching tool is determined as a combined bending tool,and the installation method of the tool is determined.Design the structural dimensions of trench frame according to the design depth of equipment.The soil coating device is designed as a plane soil face and a circular arc surface soil surface structure;the organic fertilizer exhauster of the fertilizer discharge device is determined as the double scraper organic fertilizer exhauster,the chemical fertilizer exhauster is determined as the spiral chemical fertilizer exhauster,and the volume of the organic fertilizer box and the chemical fertilizer box is determined.The fertilizer conveying device is designed as a conveyor belt with flexible adjustment of the fertilizer conveying plate;the control system based on STM32F103 is built,and the human-computer interaction interface is designed to display and adjust the operating parameters in real-time.（3）Simulation analysis to check the performance of trenching operation.It is verified that the strength and stiffness of the ditching frame of the key structure meet the working conditions;the average ditching depth stability of key ditching operations was higher than95.62 %,and the average soil erosion rate was higher than 78.77 %,which met the requirements of ditching operations in apple orchards.（4）The prototype machine was manufactured and tested for performance tests and field tests.According to the design parameters,the prototype processing,and trial production were completed,and the performance test and field test were carried out according to the industry standards with ditching depth stability,soil erosion rate,and fertilization uniformity as the test indexes.The test results showed that the average ditching depth stability coefficient of the equipment was higher than 95.62 %,the average soil erosion rate was higher than 78.40 %,and the average uniform distribution coefficient of fertilization amount was higher than94.75 %.The operation performance of the equipment met the industry standard,which met the requirements of ditching fertilization in an apple orchard. |
PDF Full Text Request