Investigation Of Wild Resources Of The Genus Polygonatum In Northeast Chongqing And The Influence Of Different Cultivation Conditions On The Growth Performance And Quality Of Polygonatum

Polygonatum sibiricum is an important herb that have specific nutritional and medicinal values,which are considered as food-medicine herbs approved by National Ministry of Health in China.At present,the wild resources of Polygonatum are being decreased because increase in consumption and non-standard mining and excavation,which was particularly serious in northeastern area in Chongqing.Northeastern Chongqing is a suitable growth area for wild plants of Polygonatum,but there are few studies on wild Polygonatum resources and artificial cultivation techniques in northeastern Chongqing.In order to provide technical support for the better development of Polygonatum industry in northeastern Chongqing,the organization,collection,variety identification and research on artificial cultivation conditions of wild Polygonatum germplasm resources are carried out in Northeast Chongqing.In this paper,the distribution and transplanting of the wild resources of Polygonatum in 16 townships in 6 districts and counties in northeastern Chongqing were investigated,and 89 wild plants of the genus Polygonatum were collected.The powders were observed for microstructure and comparative identification studies were carried out by thin layer chromatography.On the basis of the resource investigation,the wild varieties of Polygonatum zanlanscianense and Polygonatum cyrtonema from Chongqing were used to transplant the wild varieties in pots and cultivated in field plots,respectively,to study the effects of different artificial cultivation conditions on the growth performance and quality of Polygonatum.Resource investigation and sorting found that there are wild plants of the Polygonatum in six districts and counties in northeastern Chongqing.The 89 samples collected were identified as 4 varieties through the morphology of the whole plant.For further morphological and microstructure and comparison,referring to "Chinese Medicinal Flora" and "Chinese Higher Flora",4 different varieties were identified as Polygonatum sibiricum Delar.ex Redoute,Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp.,Polygonatum cirrhifolium（Wall.）Royle and Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.Among them,the wild reserves of Polygonatum zanlanscianense are relatively large,and the wild resources of other varieties are relatively small.It was found in the pot experiment of Polygonatum zanlanscianense that,ompared with the blank group,inorganic fertilizers,organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers can significantly improve the growth of the aerial parts of Polygonatum chinensis,the growth rates of new underground rhizomes are 7.37%,7.44%,and 12.27% higher,respectively,and the polysaccharide content of Polygonatum chinensis is higher.1.14%,1.91%,and2.07%,with significant differences（P<0.05）;and the content of polysaccharide in underground rhizomes and Polygonatum polysaccharides increased most significantly by bio-organic fertilizer（P<0.05）.Four different soil textures of sandy silt,light clay,sandy loam and medium sandy soil and four different cultivation depths of 5cm,10 cm,15cm and20 cm showed that the cultivation depths of 10 cm and 15 cm could significantly improve the growth of the aerial part of Polygonum chinensis（P<0.05）,the growth rates of new underground rhizomes were 5.01%（sand silt）,2.68%（light clay）,5.36%（sand loam）,and2.58%（medium sand）,respectively.1.97%（sand silt）,3.12%（sand loam）,2.19%（medium sand）,the difference was significant（P< 0.05）,while the content of polysaccharide polysaccharide in the light clay had no difference at the four depths（P > 0.05）.The field experiment of Polygonatum cyrtonema in Chongqing showed that,compared with the blank group,inorganic fertilizers,organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers can significantly improve the growth of the aerial part of Polygonatum chinensis,the growth rates of the new underground rhizomes were 5.44%,6.84%,and 7.50% higher,respectively,and the polysaccharide content of Polygonatum chinensis was higher.0.77%,0.75%,0.93%,the difference was significant（P<0.05）;and the increase of bio-organic fertilizer was the most significant（P<0.05）.Experiments with four different cultivation depths of 5cm,10 cm,15cm and 20 cm found that the cultivation depth of 10-15 cmcm can significantly improve the growth of the aerial part of Polygonatum chinensis,the growth rate of new underground rhizomes is 6.11% higher,and the content of Polygonatum chinensis polysaccharide increases by 0.73%.The difference was significant（P<0.05）.Studies have shown that there are different varieties of wild Polygonatum chinensis plants in northeastern Chongqing,mainly Hubei Polygonatum chinensis,but the resources are few.Artificial cultivation is feasible,and the cultivation depth of sandy loam and sandy silt soil is 10-15 cm,and the application of bio-organic fertilizer is the most suitable.The results of this study will provide an important reference for the resource research and artificial cultivation of Polygonatum in Northeast Chongqing.