| In this study,7 early-maturing upland cotton varieties from different ecological areas were studied systematically,including the growth and development laws of different ecological types of cotton,physical properties of cotton field,yield and its constituent factors,and dynamic changes of cotton quality under mulching and non-mulching cultivation conditions.The effects of no-mulching cultivation on growth characteristics and yield of early-maturing upland cotton varieties of different ecotypes were analyzed,and the results were as follows:1.The soil temperature at seedling stage was 2.58℃and 2.17℃lower in non-film cultivation than in mulching cultivation.The soil temperature of 5 cm and 10 cm was 2.79℃and 3.58℃lower than that of mulching at seedling stage.The soil temperature of 5 cm and 10 cm was 0.6℃and 1.33℃lower than that of mulching at seedling stage,with a difference of 2.19℃and 2.25℃,indicating that the temperature increasing advantage of mulching was obvious at seedling stage.In the seedling stage,especially after May17,the advantage gradually disappeared.The effect of mulching on soil temperature was mainly within the depth of 10 cm,but had little effect on soil temperature below 10 cm.Non-mulching cultivation had a strong effect on the soil moisture content in the upper layer,and the water content in 0～40 cm soil layer decreased by 1.66～1.98 percentage points,or 1.11～15.15%,compared with that in the mulching cultivation.However,with the increase of soil depth（60～100 cm）,this effect gradually weakened,and the influence of non-mulching cultivation on soil water content showed in the early stage of cotton growth.At the later stage of growth,the difference of soil water content in non-mulching cultivation decreased gradually,and soil water content in seedling stage was 4.22%lower than that in mulching cultivation,and soil water content in non-mulching cultivation and mulching cultivation had little difference,only 0.04%.V1,V3,V5can fully absorb and utilize the deep soil water,showing strong drought resistance.2.Under non-mulching cultivation,the duration of seeding-emergence stage,seedling stage,square stage,flowering and boll-setting stage was 2.71 days,3.86 days,2.0 days,2.29 days longer than that of mulching cultivation,but the duration of bolling stage was 0.71 days shorter than that of mulching cultivation.In terms of the whole growth stage,the non-mulching cultivation was 8.29 days later than that of mulching cultivation.Plant height,stem diameter and leaf number of cotton were significantly affected by non-mulching and mulching,but the effect was not obvious at the later growth stage.Cotton varieties had significant or extremely significant effects on plant height and leaf number.The plant height,stem diameter and leaf number of different cotton varieties under non-mulching cultivation were lower than those under mulching cultivation in different growth stage,and the difference was obvious in the early stage,but gradually decreased in the middle and late growth stage（after July 24）,and the influence was not obvious.There was no significant difference in square number and boll number between non-mulching and mulching cultivation,but cultivars were closely related to them.The effects of non-mulching on the number of squares and bolls were observed in the early growth stage,but not in the middle and late growth stage.Boll number in non-mulching cultivation was 1.01-5.02 lower than that in mulching cultivation.3.The dry matter accumulation of vegetative organs in the early growth stage and reproductive organs in the late growth stage was significantly affected by non-mulching and mulching.The effects of non-mulching cultivation on the growth of vegetative organs of cotton were as follows:the total dry matter weight of vegetative organs per plant at seedling,square and flowering stage was 1.11 g,7.46 g and 14.17 g lower than that at mulching stage,while the total dry matter weight of vegetative organs per plant at bolling stage and bolling stage was 5.63 g and 0.29 g higher than that at mulching stage,respectively.The dry matter mass of reproductive organs in non-mulching cultivation was 0.55 g higher than that in mulching cultivation at square stage,9.98 g lower than that in mulching cultivation at flowering stage and 9.73 g lower than that in mulching cultivation respectively,while the total dry matter mass of reproductive organs in non-mulching cultivation was 22.05 g higher than that in mulching cultivation at boll stage,indicating that the dry matter mass of reproductive organs in non-mulching cultivation was 22.05 g higher than that in mulching cultivation.The growth of reproductive organs in mulch cultivation showed a strong advantage in flowering and boll stage,but the difference gradually decreased in boll opening stage,and the cotton in non-mulching cultivation had a compensatory growth in boll opening stage.The dry matter accumulation rate of vegetative organs of cotton showed an inverted"V"pattern of first increasing and then decreasing.The dry matter accumulation rate of vegetative organs of cotton at seedling stage-squareing stage,squareing stage-flowering stage and flowering stage-boll-setting stage were 0.08,0.84 and 0.07 g·d-1lower in non-mulching cultivation than in mulching,respectively.The dry matter accumulation rate in boll-opening stage was 0.28 g·d-1higher than that in mulching.The fastest dry matter accumulation rate under non-mulching cultivation was from flowering to bolling,and the fastest under mulching cultivation was from square emergence to flowering,indicating that the growth process in non-mulching cultivation was slower than that in mulching cultivation.The dry matter accumulation rates of reproductive organs were 0.09,0.37 and 0.15 g·d-1lower in non-mulching cultivation than in mulching cultivation,respectively.The highest dry matter accumulation rate of reproductive organs was 0.88 g·d-1and 1.03 g·d-1in boll to boll-opening stage,respectively.There was no significant difference in the dry matter distribution coefficient of reproductive organs between mulching and non-mulching,indicating that the delayed growth of vegetative organs was compensated in the reproductive growth stage.4.There was no significant difference in yield and its components and quality between non-mulching and mulching（except for coating）.However,the variety factors significantly or extremely significantly affected the yield and its constituent factors,and the fiber length,strength,micronaire value,maturity,elongation and other quality traits.The cotton fiber length in non-mulching cultivation was 0.15 mm longer,the uniformity was 0.82 percentage points higher,the strength was 0.56 c N/Tex higher,and the elongation was 0.08 percentage points lower than that in mulching cultivation.The results of principal component analysis showed that Anonglu 11 had good comprehensive characters,balanced yield and quality,and no obvious shortcomings,which could be used in non-mulching cultivation.Under the condition of mulching,Xinluzhong 82 showed good performance in seed cotton yield,micronlon value,boll weight and lint percentage,fiber length also met the market requirements,and seed cotton yield ranked first,which could be used in production and application.Anonglu 11 showed good comprehensive characters and balanced yield and quality under the condition of mulching.It can also be used in production.The fiber quality of Zhongmian 979 is better under the condition of mulching,ranking the second. |
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