The Formula Screening Of Pepper Seedlings And Cultivation Substrates In Solar Greenhouse With Vermiculite As The Main Ingredient

Vermiculite is a common substrate material for vegetable seedlings and cultivation in Xinjiang.In order to develop a soilless substrate with stable physical and chemical properties,convenient material,low price and easy disposal after use,this study took"pig intestine"pepper as the test material,and vermiculite from Xinjiang was compounded with slag and rotten mushroom residue to make the substrate for seedling and cultivation period respectively,and studied the effects of different substrate ratios on the growth of pepper plants,seedling emergence rate,root growth,dry and fresh weight,leaf area and fruit yield and quality.The effects of different substrate ratios on the growth of pepper plants,seedling emergence rate,root growth,dry and fresh weight,leaf area,fruit yield and quality,etc.were investigated to screen out the special seedling and cultivation substrates suitable for seedling and cultivation production of pepper in Alar Reclamation area,which are beneficial to the growth and development of pepper and improve the yield and quality.The main research results are as follows:(1)The results of the physical and chemical properties and nutrient measurements of the formulated substrates showed that the bulk weight of each treatment(formulated substrate)ranged from 0.21-0.65g/cm~3,total pore space from 47.33-94.15%,aeration pore space from 3.66-26.74%,water-holding pore space from 43.67-67.39%,air-water ratio from 0.08-0.40,p H from 7.10-8.47,EC values between0.35-1.76 m S/cm,fast-acting N,fast-acting P and fast-acting K contents between 3.97-120.03 mg/kg,10.53-142.20 mg/kg and 0.136-5.317 g/kg,The physicochemical properties of all treatment combinations met the standards for pepper seedling substrates except for the treatments T2(vermiculite:slag:mushroom slag volume ratio of 1:0:1)and T4(vermiculite:slag:mushroom slag volume ratio of 1:1:1).(2)The results of the study on pepper seedlings showed that the highest height of T2 seedlings was 8.5cm at 48 d.The thickest stem thickness of CK(pure vermiculite)was 1.59 cm,the largest leaf area of T7(vermiculite:slag:mushroom slag volume ratio of 4:1:1)was 4.41 cm~2,the highest seedling emergence rate of 90%in CK,and the best root growth were 93.25 mm for the main root length,511.29 mm~2for the root area,21.33 root tips,and 49.8 mm for the average root length.The physiological indexes of T1(vermiculite:slag:mushroom slag volume ratio of 1:1:0)were relatively optimal at 0.62 mg/cm~2for Chl a,0.82 mg/cm~2for Chl a+b,0.53 mg/cm~2for Caros,0.66%for soluble sugars.soluble protein content of 0.78mg/g,and the highest Chl b and Anths content of 0.25 mg/cm~2and 0.04 mg/cm~2for CK,respectively.Translated with www.Deep L.com/Translator(free version)The synergistic properties of mushroom residue and vermiculite were poor and unsuitable for mixed use in the cultivation of pepper seedlings;the synergistic properties of vermiculite and slag were better,and the analysis of principal components and comprehensive evaluation showed that under the greenhouse conditions in South China,CK were suitable for cultivation of pepper seedlings.(3)The results of the pepper cultivation study showed that the height of pepper plants(60.34 cm)was significantly higher in the T3(vermiculite:slag:mushroom slag volume ratio of 2:1:1)treatment than in the other treatments,while the stem thickness(10.70 mm),leaf area(98.49 cm~2),above-ground fresh weight(1,302.67 g),above-ground dry weight(342.17 g),single plant yield and equivalent mu yield were significantly higher in the T5(vermiculite:slag:mushroom slag volume ratio of 4:1:1)treatment than in the other treatments.(342.17 g),single plant yield and equivalent mu yield were significantly higher than those of other treatments,while the dry and fresh weight of lower ground,aboveground(lower)dry matter accumulation and aboveground(lower)water content of T5 treatment were all higher,0.26 g,0.34 g,0.74%and 0.66%,respectively.It showed that the percentage of vermiculite in the substrate of compound slag mushroom residue was positively correlated with the growth and development of pepper;in terms of phenological stage,T5 treatment was earlier than other treatment groups,and T3 treatment was the second;in terms of external fruit quality and yield,T1 had the largest cross-diameter and longitudinal diameter of2.87 cm and 22.06 cm,respectively,and the highest single fruit quality,number of fruits per plant,yield per plant,and equivalent yield per mu of pepper in T5 treatment were 55.93 g and 30.67 and 1.72 kg and8705.13 kg/667m~2,respectively.The best treatment for each quality index was CK,followed by T1 and T3,while T5 treatment was inferior in quality,with soluble solids,soluble sugar,soluble protein,ascorbic acid(VC)and organic acid content of T3 being 2.67 cm and 22.06 cm,respectively.The soluble solids,soluble sugar,soluble protein,ascorbic acid(VC)and organic acid contents of T3 were 2.67%,2.28%,0.28 mg/g,0.88 mg/g and 0.43%,respectively.In summary,the growth and development of pepper and fruit quality yield can be concluded that the most suitable substrate formulation for pepper cultivation in the growing season is T3(vermiculite:slag:mushroom slag volume ratio of 2:1:1)under greenhouse conditions in South China.