| In this experiment,the grafted 5-year old Korla pear was the object of study,and the experiment was three single-factor,five-level test,and the full-fertility pure nutrient application rates of nitrogen(urea)were N1(150 kg·hm-2),N2(225 kg·hm-2),N3(300 kg·hm-2),N4(375 kg·hm-2),N5(450 kg·hm-2),phosphorus(monoammonium phosphate)Pure nutrients for the whole fertility period were P1(75 kg·hm-2),P2(150 kg·hm-2),P3(225 kg·hm-2),P4(300 kg·hm-2),P5(375 kg·hm-2),and irrigation water(the whole fertility period)was W1(5460 m3·hm-2),W2(5880 m3·hm-2),W3(6300 m3·hm-2),W4(6720 m3·hm-2),W5(7140 m3·hm-2),and the amount of potassium fertilizer applied was the same for all treatments.By studying the effect of different water and fertilizer treatments on soil nutrients,tree growth,yield and fruit tree quality in pear orchard,in order to get a better irrigation and fertilization program for pear tree growth,and put forward reasonable fertilization and irrigation basis for pear tree production.The results of this experimental study were:(1)The soil nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,alkaline nitrogen and fast-acting phosphorus content in the 0-20 cm soil layer under different irrigation treatments showed an "increasing-decreasing-increasing"trend,and the trends of soil nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,alkaline nitrogen and fast-acting phosphorus contents among treatments were:0-20 cm>20-40 cm>40-60 cm.The trend of "fast growth-slow growth",the branch growth rate was faster,the leaf SPAD was higher,the nutrient content was higher under W3 and W4 treatments,and the total nitrogen and phosphorus content of the leaves were:current year branch leaves>multi-year branch leaves;the pear tree yield was better under W3 and W4 treatments,the yield was significant,and the fruit quality was better.The fruit quality was better,its soluble sugar was 19.87%,18.710%,and Vc content was 10.093 mg/100g,9.821 mg/100g,respectively.(2)The trends of soil nitrate,ammonium and alkaline nitrogen contents in the 0-20 cm soil layer under different N application treatments were the same as those under irrigation treatment,and the changes of soil nitrate,ammonium and alkaline nitrogen contents among treatments were:0-20 cm>20-40 cm>40-60 cm.the test results showed that the growth rate of current year branches of pear trees under N3 and N4 treatments was faster,the leaf SPAD and nutrient content was higher,and the total nitrogen content showed that current year branch leaves>multi-year branch leaves.The yield of pear trees under N3 and N4 treatments was higher and the gain was obvious;for fruit quality,the soluble soluble sugars were 20.486%and 20.015%,and the Vc contents were 11.109 mg/100g and 10.309 mg/100g under N3 and N4 treatments,respectively.(3)The experiment results showed that the growth rate of current year branches under P3 and P4 treatments was faster,the leaf SPAD and nutrient content was higher,and the total phosphorus content was higher in current year branch leaves than inmulti-year branch leaves.pear trees under P3 and P4 treatments had higher yields and significant gains;for fruit quality,the soluble sugar content was 19.362%and 16.935%,and the Vc content was 9.983 mg/100g and 9.916 mg/100g under P3 and P4 treatments,respectively.The soluble sugars of P3 and P4 treatments were 19.362%and 16.935%,and the Vc contents were 9.983 mg/100g and 9.916 mg/100g,respectively,and the fruit quality was better under both treatments.In summary,from the perspective of water saving,yield increase and quality,W3,W4,N3,N4,P3 and P4 treatments can significantly promote the tree growth of pear trees,increase fruit yield and improve fruit quality.Therefore,W3(6300 m3·hm-2),W4(6720 m3·hm-2),N3(300 kg·hm-2),N4(375 kg·hm-2),P3(225 kg·hm-2),and P4(300 kg·hm-2)treatments were selected as the better irrigation and fertilization program for the pear tree trial in the coming year. |
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