| Natural plant feed additive refers to the additive extracted from plants(non chemical synthesis),which has clear active ingredients,stable content and can be determined,without any toxic and side effects on animals and human beings,and can improve the production performance of animals.In this paper,the water extract of Caragana korshinskii as a feed additive in the "post antibiotic era" to replace antibiotics on sheep growth,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and practical research application to provide a theoretical basis,focusing on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Caragana korshinskii extract related research results,and discuss the application prospect of water extract of Caragana korshinskii.The main research contents are as follows:1.HPLC/MS analysis and toxicity test of Caragana korshinskii extract In this experiment,the whole plant of Caragana korshinskii harvested in May was dried naturally and then pulverized into powder.The active substances of Caragana korshinskii were extracted with three different polar extractants(petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,water),and the active substances were extracted by HPLC/ MS analysis found that petroleum ether and ethyl acetate did not extract the active substances of Caragana korshinskii;while the water extraction method obtained 12 kinds of polyphenol active substances,mainly derivatives of kaempferol,quercetin and ascorbic acid.The acute toxicity test was further carried out,and the test results showed that none of the mice in each group died,and there was no significant difference in behavior between the treatment group and the control group.They were all developed normally,and 4 g/Kg·BW The feed intake of mice in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05).It shows that the water extract of Caragana korshinskii has a certain growth-promoting effect,and further lays a theoretical foundation for it as a feed additive.2.Effects of water extract of Caragana korshinskii on liver antioxidant function and anti-inflammatory function of immune organs in mice with oxidative stress In order to verify the effect of the water extract of Caragana korshinskii on the antioxidant function of the liver and the anti-inflammatory performance of the immune organs in oxidatively stressed mice,this study took adult healthy Kunming mice as the research object and randomly divided them into 7groups(blank control group,control group)Groups,1,2,4,6 and 8 g/Kg·BW treatment groups,n=12),through intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose to the mice in the control group and each treatment group,it is planned to establish a mouse oxidative stress model.The results of the test found that the serum MDA and SOD content of the D-galactose group mice and the blank control group mice were extremely different(P < 0.01),which proved that the oxidative stress model was successfully established.Furthermore,mice in the D-galactose oxidative stress model group were given intragastrically equal doses of normal saline and 1,2,4,6 and 8g/Kg·BW water extracts of different concentrations of Caragana korshinskii.The test lasted for 21 days.Then,we detect the changes of liver antioxidant indexes and immune indexes of immune organs.The results showed that the MDA content in the liver of each treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P< 0.05 or P < 0.01).The activity of SOD and GSH-PX and the T-AOC level in the liver of each treatment group were also significantly increased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01);and D-galactose can increase the concentration of IL-6,an inflammatory factor in the thymus and spleen of mice(P < 0.01),and the levels of anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 and immunoglobulin The concentration is reduced(P < 0.01);while the water extract of Caragana korshinskii can reduce the production of inflammatory factors,and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are positively correlated with the concentration of the water extract of Caragana korshinskii.It shows that the water extract of Caragana korshinskii has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on oxidatively stressed mice.3.Effects of water extract of Caragana korshinskii on growth performance and meat quality of sheep in cold environment In order to further verify the effect of the water extract of Caragana korshinskii on the growth performance,meat quality,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory performance of the oxidative stress sheep caused by cold stimulation.In this experiment,63 healthy two-month-old sheep were randomly divided into 7 groups: blank control group(fed only with basal diet),control group(fed with basal diet + 15% fresh caragana),and basal diet.The treatment group was supplemented with 4,6,8,10 and 12 g/Kg water extract of Caragana korshinskii,and reared in a cold environment for 65 days(pre-feeding period is 15 days,normal feeding period is 50 days).The results showed that: the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of sheep in the blank control group were lower than those in the water-extracted group,while the feed-to-weight ratio increased;adding fresh caragana and water-extracted caragana to the feed would improve the sheep.When adding 6 g/Kg,the feed-to-weight ratio of sheep was the lowest,which was significantly lower than that of the blank control group(P < 0.05),and the feed conversion rate was significantly higher than that of the blank control group(P < 0.05).In addition,the carcass weight of sheep in the 4,6,and 8 g/Kg treatment groups was significantly higher than that of the blank control group(P <0.05).4.Effects of water extract of Caragana korshinskii on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of sheep In this study,the tissue sections of sheep liver,thymus and spleen were observed by HE staining.It was found that the central vein of the liver lobules and surrounding hepatic sinuses of the blank control group were significantly dilated.From the HE staining results of the thymus and spleen,it can be seen that the thymus of the blank control group was empty.Blistering is severe,and the boundary between cortex and medulla is not obvious.Further detection of oxidation and immune indicators found that the sheep liver of the blank control group had the highest MDA content,and the SOD and CAT activities and T-AOC levels were the lowest.The SOD activity and T-AOC levels in the liver of the control group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group(P < 0.05),the activity of GSH-PX and CAT in the liver of the 8 g/Kg treatment group was significantly higher than that of the blank control group(P < 0.05).In the spleen,the level of IL-10 in the blank control group was significantly lower than that of the 8,10,and 12 g/Kg treatment group,and the levels of IL-2,IL-6 and TNF-α in the blank control group were significantly lower than that of 6 and 8 g/Kg treatment group(P < 0.05);in the thymus,the level of IL-10 in the blank control group was not significantly different from the other 6 groups in each experiment(P > 0.05),but the levels of IL-2,IL-6 and TNF-α significantly lower than the control group and the 8 g/Kg treatment group(P <0.05);there was no significant difference in the Ig G content of the thymus and spleen between the groups(P > 0.05),but the IgM content of the blank control group in the thymus was significantly lower than the control group and the 6 g/Kg treatment group(P < 0.05),the IgM content in the spleen was significantly lower than the 8 g/Kg group(P < 0.05).In conclusion,oxidative stress can lead to the increase of MDA content,the decrease of SOD and GSH-PX activity,and the decrease of T-AOC level in the liver of mice,further leading to the changes of inflammatory factors,thus inducing the body’s inflammatory reaction;and the water extract of Caragana korshinskii is the extraction site of active substances,which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects,and can greatly reduce the adverse effects of oxidative stress on mice.After cold stimulation,lipid peroxide and inflammatory factors in sheep serum increased,and cold stimulation can damage the internal structure of liver,thymus and spleen atrophy,indicating that cold stimulation can lead to oxidative stress,further inflammatory reaction and immune response in sheep.Adding Caragana korshinskii and its water extract to the diet can improve the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ability of sheep,and then reduce the free radicals produced by oxidative damage,so as to improve the growth performance of sheep,and the effect of Caragana korshinskii water extract as an additive is better. |
PDF Full Text Request