| Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers is an important way to develop green agriculture and achieve sustainable agricultural development.Mango(Mangifera indica L.)is known as "Tropical Fruit King" and is an important economic fruit in China.Guangxi and Hainan are the main mango production areas in China,among which Tainong No.1 mango is the main variety in Guangxi and Hainan due to its early maturity and high yield.In this study,the current situation of mango fertilization was investigated and the soil fertility was analyzed in the main mango production area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Hainan province.The main problems and countermeasures in mango fertilization were put forward in combination with the amount of nutrients taken away.On this basis,the organic fertilizer application under reduced chemical fertilizer was studied in typical mango orchard in Hainan,and the effects of different amounts of bio-organic fertilizer and common organic fertilizer on mango yield,quality and economic benefits were discussed.In addition,the nitrogen availability of different types of organic fertilizers was preliminarily studied in order to provide theoretical basis for rational application of organic fertilizers in production.1.The average input of N into mango orchards in Tainong No.1 in Guangxi and Hainan was 0.28 and 0.33 kg/plant,respectively;the average input of P2O5 was 0.26 and 0.27 kg/plant,respectively;and the average input of K2O was 0.25 and 0.20 kg/plant,respectively.The average pH of soil in mango orchards in Guangxi and Hainan was 4.76 and 5.96,the average organic matter content was 19.7 and 18.1 g/kg,the average alkaloid nitrogen was 78.7 and 76.06 mg/kg,the average available phosphorus was 48.7 and 71.77 mg/kg,the average available potassium was 90.2 and 136.4 mg/kg,the average available calcium was 406.7 and 641.2 mg/kg,the average available magnesium was 67.8 and 92.2 mg/kg,and the average available iron was 43.9 and 19.6 mg/kg.Available manganese averaged 33.4 and 92.3mg/kg,available copper 3.0 and 2.1mg/kg,and available zinc 2.6 and 6.1 mg/kg.The total amount of large elements from the harvest and pruning were N 122.0,P 19.8(folded P2O5 45.3)and K 177.2(folded K2O 213.5)g/plant,respectively.Generally speaking,mango orchards in Guangxi has low pH,medium content of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium,and high content of available phosphorus.The soil pH of mango orchards in Hainan is suitable,the content of organic matter is low,the content of available phosphorus is high,and the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium vary greatly among orchards.The contents of available calcium and magnesium in soil of the two provinces(regions)were relatively low,and the trace elements were relatively high.The input of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer was suitable in the two places.2.The application of organic fertilizer under reduced chemical fertilizer was studied in typical mango orchard in Hainan.The soil in this area is sandy soil,leaking water and fertilizer,pH 5.39,organic matter content 9.37 g/kg,it is a typical mango orchards soil in southwestern Hainan.Set up 5 treatments:take CF as a control,reduce the fertilizer by 33%on this basis,and apply 5kg/plant or 15kg/plant of common sheep manure organic fertilizer(OF5,OF15)and growth-promoting biological organic fertilizer(BIO5,BIO15).The results show that:(1)Compared with CF,the output of OF 15 treatment has an increasing trend,and the output of BIO15 treatment is significantly increased,which is 11.30%and 25.70%respectively higher than CF;(2)The comprehensive quality of mango fruit under organic fertilizer treatment is higher than that of CF treatment.The soluble solids content increased by an average of 11.46%～33.15%,and the Vc content increased by an average of 12.53%～13.01%;(3)Compared with CF treatment,sheep manure organic fertilizer treatment significantly increased soil pH,and each organic fertilizer treatment improved the soil to varying degrees OM content;(4)The economic benefits of OF15 and BIO15 treatment are increased by 8.39%and 16.14%respectively compared with CF treatment.3.The nitrogen availability of different organic fertilizers was studied by ryegrass depletion test,and there were 6 treatments:nitrogen control(CK),chemical fertilizers(CF),bio-organic fertilizer(BIO),sheep manure organic fertilizer(SM),bean cake(BC),Chinese medicinal herbal residues(CM),through two consecutive stage of perennial ryegrass cultivation,compares the different kinds of organic fertilizer on the typical sandy soil in Hainan biological effectiveness.The results show that:(1)i In the first stage(62 days),the average nitrogen absorption and nitrogen utilization rate of ryegrass under different organic fertilizer treatments were BC>BIO>CM>SM,the utilization rate interval in 5.0～15.3%,and different organic nitrogen equivalent also show the BC>BIO>CM>SM,BC,BIO,respectively 77.8%,38.6%,30.7%,25.4%.(2)after planting for two seasons(108 days),the nitrogen utilization rate range of each organic fertilizer was between 10.3 and 21.2%,and the nitrogen equivalent of BC reached 95.56%.There was no significant difference among SM,CM and BIO.To sum up,the input of fertilizers in mango orchards in Guangxi and Hainan is dominated by chemical fertilizers,with insufficient application of organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer and low content of soil organic matter.Therefore,it is suggested to increase the input of organic fertilizer in mango production.In the field experiment,the best effect was achieved by applying 15 kg bio-organic fertilizer with reduced fertilizer,followed by 15kg sheep manure organic fertilizer.The nitrogen efficiency of soybean cake and bio-organic fertilizer was high in the short term,especially soybean cake. |
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