| Appropriate planting density and irrigation system are conducive to the increase of cotton yield under mulch drip irrigation in Xinjiang.In this experiment,Xinluzao 61 was used as the test material.In 2019,a field trial was set up in Sidaohezi Town,Shawan County.The main zone has two capillary configuration treatments of I3(one membrane,three rows and three tubes)and I2(one membrane,three rows and two tubes),and the subsidiary zone has 3 plant spacing treatments including 6 cm,8 cm,and 10 cm.Through research on cotton growth and development,canopy structure,soil water distribution and consumption,root growth distribution,yield and constituent factors,etc,The differences in the effects of different capillary and plant spacing combinations on cotton were compared,and the effects of density and moisture on cotton growth were explored.The best capillary spacing and plant spacing combinations for 76 cm cotton with one film and three rows of equal spacing were found to improve the machine harvesting cotton.High quality and high efficiency provide a scientific basis.The main findings are as follows:1.The effects of plant spacing and tube configuration on cotton growth and yield were clarified.Reducing the capillary spacing and increasing the plant spacing is beneficial to improve the early maturity of cotton,and the three-tube treatment has an upward trend compared with the two-tube treatment;When the plant spacing was increased from 6 cm to 8 cm,the agronomic traits of cotton increased significantly,and when the plant distance increased from 8 cm to 10 cm,the increase rate decreased significantly.Before blooming,dry matter accumulation of reproductive organs was slow,after blooming,dry matter accumulation of reproductive organs increased rapidly,and the dry matter accumulation amount showed as two-tube treatment>three-tube treatment.With the increase of plant spacing,the biomass accumulation of individual plants showed an increasing trend,and the population dry matter accumulation showed that the plant spacing was 8 cm>6 cm>10 cm.Compared with the two-tube treatment,the lint yield was 97-171 kg·hm-2 higher in the three-tube treatment;under the same capillary spacing,the plant spacing increased,and the lint yield was 8cm>6cm>10cm.The interaction between capillary spacing and plant spacing had a significant impact on seed cotton yield and lint yield(P<0.05).Plant spacing and lint yield form a significant quadratic curve.The three-tube 8 cm treatment has the largest proportion of bolls in the middle of the fruit branches.Under the condition of ensuring a certain density,the advantages of individual cotton plants can be used to better regulate the contradiction between cotton populations and individuals,and the yield is the highest.2.The effects of plant spacing and tube configuration on cotton canopy structure and bud growth were explained.Both capillary and plant spacing affect cotton LAI.Compared with the three-tube treatment,the LAI increased and the DIFN value decreased in the two-tube treatment;the three-tube 6 cm treatment had the highest LAI at a distance of 20 cm from the ground;the three-tube treatment at a distance of 40 cm and the three-tube treatment had the highest LAI;The highest LAI was in the 10 cm tube.The proportion of lower fruit branches in the 6 cm treatment reached 43%at most,the proportion of the total number of buds and bells on the middle fruit branches reached 40%in the plant spacing of 8 cm,and the total number of buds and bells in the upper fruit branches of the 10 cm treatment reached 29%.Compared with the two-tube treatment,the three-tube treatment is beneficial to increase the Fuqian peach and the Fuqian peach,laying the foundation for high yield;the plant spacing of 6 cm,8 cm,10 cm treatment of the Fuqian peach and the Fu peach ratio is 68%,79%,92%,increasing With large plant spacing,the ratio of Fuqian peach to Fu peach increases,and the growth and development of cotton bolls is advanced.3.The effects of plant spacing and tube arrangement on soil water distribution and root growth in cotton fields were revealed.In the horizontal direction,the soil water distribution in the two-pipe treatment is more distributed on both sides,and the three-pipe treatment is mostly in the middle.In the vertical direction,the two-tube treatment has the highest soil water content at 20-40 cm in the vertical direction,and the three-tube treatment has the highest soil water content at 0-20 cm.The soil water content is shown as the plant spacing 10 cm>8 cm>6 cm,10 cm treatment The soil water content was 9.2%-11.9%,while the 6 cm treatment was only 6.6%-9.3%,which caused the soil to be relatively dry,causing the growth and development of the 6 cm treatment to be slower than that of the 10 cm treatment,and the plants were shorter.The water consumption of the three-tube treatment is higher than that of the two-tube treatment;the soil water use efficiency is three-tube>two-tube,6 cm>8 cm>10 cm.Both the capillary and the plant spacing affect the distribution of the cotton root system at 76 cm equal row spacing.With the increase of soil depth,the root length,root surface area and root volume of each treatment decreased.It shows that the root growth of the three-tube treatment is shallower than that of the three-tube treatment;in the 0-20 cm soil layer,the root length,surface area and volume of the 6 cm treatment are higher than the 8 cm and 10 cm treatments in the soil layer of 0-20 cm.The average diameter in the different soil layers of each treatment is not obvious difference.The soil water content in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers was negatively and significantly correlated with root length,surface area,and volume(P<0.05),and positively and significantly correlated with the average diameter(P<0.05),40-60 cm In the soil layer,there is no obvious correlation between soil moisture content and root length,surface area,volume,and diameter. |
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