Comprehensive Identification And Excellent Germplasm Selection Of Agronomic And Quality Traits Of Proso Millet Resources In Xinjiang

Proso millet(Panicum miliaceum L.)belongs to the family Gramineae.It has the characteristics of drought resistance,heat resistance,high temperature,barrenness,and early maturity,as well as food,medicine,and feed.The current lack of knowledge,collection,preservation,identification and evaluation of proso millet resources is a fundamental problem restricting the development of Xinjiang proso millet resources.Carrying out research on the comprehensive identification of proso millet germplasm resources can deeply understand the characteristics of various germplasm materials and obtain excellent genetic resources to improve the efficiency of millet breeding.In this study,Xinjiang proso millet was used as the main research material.The germplasm resources of proso millet were introduced from different surrounding areas.Field observations and laboratory testing were conducted to evaluate the agronomic,yield and quality characteristics of the proso millet material.Furthermore,a regional test was conducted on the selected proso millet material,and the effects of genotype,environment,and interaction on agronomic,yield,and quality traits and their differences in different ecological regions were clarified,and the stability,adaptability,and high yield of the proso millet were clarified.Provide scientific basis for effective protection and development and utilization of proso millet resources,and selection of parents in breed selection.The main research results include the following:(1)The performance and analysis of agronomic,yield and quality traits show that there are significant differences in different germplasms among different traits of millet resources.Under homogeneous test conditions,the growth period of 20 proso millet materials was 95-176 d,which was 81 d.The differences in yield and agronomic traits in the tested materials were large,ranging from 9.74%to 79.31%,of which the single plant weight was the largest and the thousand-grain weight was the smallest;the difference in quality traits was small,with a variation range of 4.39%to 39.34%Among them,the soluble sugar has the largest variation and the protein content has the smallest variation;Yield traits range from 1451.67-5190.00 kg/mh2,with an average of 2736.75 kg/mh2.Based on the above analysis,WS,TKS,TL,and ML are high-yielding and early-mature high-quality materials.From the perspective of the main single traits,the variation range of the protein content was 13.70-16.20%,with an average of 14.80%,of which 8 were high-quality materials with a protein content greater than 15%;the lysine variation range was 0.14-0.43%,with an average of 0.20%,10 parts of high-quality materials with a content of 0.2%or more.It can be seen that the millet material contains rich variations,and there are some germplasm resources available for breeding and parent selection in terms of early maturity,high-quality feed,quality and yield.(2)The correlation of yield,agronomic and quality traits and linear multiple regression analysis showed that there are complex correlations among the 15 traits of millet,among which the yield per plant is related to stem thickness,effective ear number,leaf width,and ear weight per plant.The correlations between plant weight and plant weight reached a significant level;linear multiple regression analysis showed that these 14 traits could explain 83%of the yield of proso millet plants,and the optimal regression model of millet plant yields and other traits was established.(3)The results of clustering,principal component and membership function analysis of agronomic,yield and quality traits of proso millet germplasm showed that the similarity of agronomic and qualitative characteristics between proso millet germplasm and geographical origin was not related;There was a mutual inhibition relationship with the traits related to nutritional quality of proso millet.6 high-quality feed germplasms,5 high-yield germplasms,and 3 high-quality germplasms were screened based on the two-dimensional score chart of principal components.The membership function method was used to sort 20 millet materials,and the proso millet germplasm with better comprehensive traits was evaluated.The results were in good agreement with the principal component score map.(4)Genotype,environment and their interactions significantly affect the performance of agronomic,yield and quality traits of proso millet,specifically the plant height,ear length,tiller number,leaf width,stem node number and thousand-grain weight are determined by the genotype,and are expressed as Genotype>Environment>Genotype+Environment;Stem thickness,branch number,effective ear number,leaf length,grass weight per plant,grain weight per plant and grain number per plant are determined by the environment and manifest as Environment>Genotype>Genetype+Environment;in terms of quality and shape,environmental variation of protein content,soluble sugar content,calcium content,magnesium content,and manganese content is greater than genotype variation and GE interaction variation;Genotype variation of fat content is greater than environmental variation and GE interaction variation;The GE interaction variation of iron content is greater than genotype variation and environmental variation.(5)Analysis of the productivity,stability and adaptability of the millet based on the GGE double plot.The yield characteristics of TL,ML,TKS,and WS materials have high yield,stability,and adaptability.Among them,ML is suitable for three test sites,and the adaptability is the best.WS and TL are suitable for Torrey County,and TKS is suitable for Turk County;the quality traits of ML,TL and HP have high yield,stability and adaptability at three test points.