| Cotton is one of the most important cash crops in the world.It is the largest natural fiber crop and the sixth largest oil crop in the world.It can provide natural textile fibers,and cottonseed is also a source of edible oils.With the development of textile industry technology and the increasing national demand of the people,the demand for cotton yield and fiber quality is getting higher and higher.Cotton with high yield,long fiber length,moderate strength and uniform fineness can satisfy the needs of people’s production and life.In this study,200 cotton germplasm resources from China,the United States,Pakistan and other countries were used as materials.Six main yield and fiber quality including boll weight,lint percentage,lint index,fiber length,fiber strength and micronaire value were investigated and statistical analyzed at three test locations in two years to screen the elite germplasm resources.The main results were as follows:1.The analysis of yield characters and fiber quality showed that there were great differences among different varieties.The range of boll weight,lint percentage and lint index were 3.34 g~7.48 g,22.83 g~46.97 g and 3.65 g~8.74 g,respectively.In yield traits,the improvement potential of lint index is the greatest.The range of fiber length is23.81 mm~33.08 mm,the fiber strength of different varieties varies from 24.47 cN/tex to32.11 cN/tex,and the difference is 7.63 cN/tex.The range of micronaire value was 2.99~5.27,and the coefficient of variation was the largest.2.Variance analysis showed that six yield and quality traits were highly variable between the environment and varieties.Correlation analysis showed that lint index was positively correlated with boll weight,lint percentage,fiber length and micronaire value.Fiber length was positively correlated with boll weight and fiber strength.A highly significant positive correlation between lint percentage and micronaire value.However,the correlation between micronaire value and fiber length and fiber strength was significantly negative under Cangzhou and mean values.Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the Top 3 of principal component of upland cotton germplasm was 85.48%,which could reflect most of the genetic difference information.3.The cluster diagram is constructed by the method of sum of squares of deviations.According to six yield and quality traits,200 varieties were divided into six groups with different characteristic.The genetic basis of these germplasm was clarified.Group I wasthe group with outstanding yield traits,the representative varieties are Su you 6108 and so on.Group IV was the group with outstanding quality traits,the representative varieties are Lu Mian yan 28 and so on.Group V was the best group with comprehensive traits,the representative varieties are xin Lu zao 36 and so on.4.According to three main yield traits and three main fiber quality traits,it was found that there were 26 varieties with bolls weight greater than 6.2 g,84 varieties with lint percentage above 40%,49 varieties with a lint index than 7.5 g,60 varieties with fiber length greater than 30 mm,5 varieties with fiber strength greater than 30 cN/tex,23 varieties with grade-A micronaire value and 12 varieties with good comprehensive traits.These varieties can be used as parents to improve related traits in breeding,which can be used as parents to improve related traits in breeding.All in all,these germplasm resources from different continents,different countries and different watersheds have a wide genetic background and rich genetic diversity.This study is of great significance for further research on the basic theory of cotton breeding and quality breeding,which enriches the diversity of cotton germplasm resources and prepares resources for modern breeding.It also lays a material foundation for the identification of excellent germplasm and modern breeding. |
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