Effect Of Ridge-Furrow With Mulching On Soil Water And Heat,Growth And Yield Of Winter Wheat

In this paper,a typical experimental site was selected in the Changwu arid plateau area to carry out research on the effects of ridge mulching in dryland on soil water and heat and winter wheat growth.In the experiment,winter wheat was planted in the ditch while mulching on the ridge.There are three treatments in the experiment:weed-blocking geo-textile fabric plus plastic film mulching on the ridge(MB),geo-textile fabric mulching on the ridge(DB)and bare soil ridge(CK).The soil moisture content,temperature and water potential of 5 cm,15 cm and 30 cm depth below the surface of the ditch are continuously monitored.The characteristics of soil water and heat changes and the growth and yield differences of winter wheat under different mulching treatments were analyzed.The main results are as follows:(1)During the growth period of winter wheat,the soil moisture content and soil temperature of the 0～30 cm soil layer under different mulching conditions showed the characteristics of "high-low-high" change over time.The soil moisture content and temperature change range of each depth soil layer decrease with the increase of soil layer depth.(2)During the growth period of winter wheat,MB can effectively inhibit evaporation and keep moist.The annual average soil moisture content of MB at 5 cm is 4.62%higher than that of DB and 2.92%higher than that of CK.In addition,the rainfall superimposition effect of MB in a typical rainfall process is the most obvious of the three treatments.The soil moisture content of MB at 30 cm has the earliest response to rainfall,and the leakage of MB to the soil layer below 30 cm is the largest(24.24 mm),DB is second(22.70 mm),and CK is the least(20.90 mm).(3)As far as the growth period of winter wheat is concerned,ridge mulching treatments have a significant regulating effect on soil temperature.DB inhibits the decrease of soil temperature before the overwintering period,and promotes the increase of soil temperature after the overwintering period.MB has an inhibitory effect on soil temperature changes throughout the growth period.Since the ridge mulching treatments before the overwintering period played an inhibitory role in the reduction of soil temperature,compared with CK,the effective accumulated temperature of the 0-30 cm soil layer of the ridge mulching treatments during this period was higher.(4)The effects of rainfall on soil temperature under different mulching conditions are all expressed as follows:The soil temperature decreases and the magnitude of change decreases.Under the same treatment,as the depth of the soil layer increases,the response lag of soil temperature to rainfall becomes more obvious,and the variation of soil temperature becomes smaller.At the same depth,as the soil temperature decreases during the rainfall process,the soil moisture increases,so the response of the soil temperature to the ridge covering treatment is not obvious.Because the soil moisture content of MB is higher than that of DB and CK,the effect of restraining temperature rise is obviously enhanced during the temperature rise stage after rain.(5)Ridge mulching treatments can effectively increase winter wheat yield and water use efficiency.MB improves the effective number of ears per unit area and grain weight of winter wheat.DB is slightly better than MB in terms of plant height and kernel number,but the grain weight is significantly smaller than MB and CK.The equivalent yield of winter wheat in each treatment is as follows:MB(6273.33 kg/hm2)>DB(5509.73 kg/hm2)>CK(5353.78 kg/hm2).The production of MB increased by 17.18%compared with CK,and the production of DB increased by 2.91%compared with CK.The water use efficiency of winter wheat in each treatment is as follows:MB(16.52 kg·mm-1·hm-2)>DB(14.15 kg·mm-1·hm-2)>CK(13.60 kg·mm-1·hm-2).The water use efficiency of MB increased by 2.92%compared with CK,and DB increased by 0.55%compared with CK.Rainwater harvesting ridge planting under different mulching conditions has obvious water-saving and yield-increasing effects than traditional flat cropping.The water-saving rates of the three treatments are as follows:MB(20.21%)、DB(6.83%)、CK(3.09%).The increase rate of the three treatments is as follows:MB(45.09%)、DB(27.43%)、CK(23.82%).