| In order to study the fruit phenotypic variation among different groups of Idesia polycarpa as well as the growth traits of plantation trees,this paper selected 8 representative natural groups and 15 artificial cultivation sites in China to analyze the phenotypic diversity of Idesia polycarpa.Phenotypic differentiation coefficient and heritability,correlation analysis,cluster analysis,principal component analysis,multiple comparison and analysis of variance have done a systematic study on the phenotypic diversity of natural Idesia polycarpa populations and the growth traits of superior trees in artificial forests.The main findings were as follows:(1)Natural population of Idesia polycarpaThe differences in phenotypic traits of 15 traits among the 8 populations and within the populations of Idesia polycarpa showed that there were significant differences in the 13 fruit traits of Idesia polycarpa between and within the populations(P<0.05),indicating that its traits were between the populations and the populations.The stability within the species was relatively poor,and therewas a large variation;while the two phenotypic traits of single fruit weight and fruit cluster weight only had significant differences between provenances(P<0.05),and they were relatively stable within provenances(P>0.05)The mean square changed between populations was relatively large.The average coefficient of variation of the phenotypes of each fruit of the eight provenances collected in this survey and collection from large to small was:Dayi(DY)(37.30%)>Zhaotong(ZT)(32.64%)>Mianyang(MY)(32.53%))>Chaotian(CT)(31.31%)>Tongjiang(TJ)(29.78%)>Liupanshui(LPS)(29.50%)>Qingchuan(QC)(25.69%)>Jiangyou(JY)(21.21%).The variation range of the phenotypic differentiation coefficient of 15 phenotypic traits such as fruit bunch,fruit grain,fruit stalk,and secondary fruit sequence of the natural provenance of Idesia polycarpa was 9.091%～91.739%,and the phenotypic differentiation coefficient of fruit bunch weight(FBWE)The largest,followed by the side diameter(SDF)of the fruit and the length of the fruit bunch(FBL),and the weight of the fruit stalk(FSW)has the smallest differentiation coefficient.It could be seen that the fruit stalk was the most stable.Through cluster analysis,the 8 Provenances of Idesia polycarpa were divided into 3 groups.The provenances of Tongjiang(TJ)and Jiangyou(JY)were group I,and the provenances of Chaotian(CT)and Qingchuan(QC)were group Ⅱ.The provenances of Mianyang(MY),Zhaotong(ZT),Dayi(DY)and Liupanshui were group Ⅲ.The principal component analysis of Idesia polycarpa showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first eight principal components reached 80.26%,which indicated that the first eight principal components could basically reflect most of the information about the phenotypic traits of Idesia polycarpa.The fruit bunch length(FBL)of the 8 Idesia polycarpa provenances was positively correlated with altitude;the fruit bunch weight(FBWE)was positively correlated with the annual average maximum temperature and the extreme minimum temperature;the fruit diameter(FD)was positively correlated with the latitude;Single fruit weight(SFW)and ecological gradient value(EGA)were positively correlated with ecological gradient value(EGA);fruit stalk length(LST)was positively correlated with altitude and frost-free days;fruit stalk weight(FSW)was positively correlated with ecological gradient value(EGA)and altitude were positively correlated;the aspect ratio(FAR)of the fruit was positively correlated with the latitude,longitude,extreme maximum temperature,and the average daily maximum temperature≥30℃;the lateral aspect ratio(SAR)of the fruit was positively correlated with the annual average temperature and latitude,The extreme maximum temperature and the average daily maximum temperature≥30℃ were positively correlated.The eight provenance Idesia polycarpa tested this time all detected palmitic acid,cis-palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,and arachidic acid.Linolenic acid was detected in 3 provenances.(2)Excellent trees of Idesia polycarpa plantation:The various growth indicators of the fine individual plants of different Idesia polycarpa plantations were quite different,and the yields of the different excellent trees were obvious.Among them,the number of fruit bunches and yield had the most obvious variation,and the smallest variation was the crown-to-height ratio.All 44 excellent trees detected six fatty acids:palmitic acid,palmitoleic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid.Among them,the saturated fatty acids detected were stearic acid and palmitic acid;unsaturated fatty acids were:palmitoleic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid.The soil nutrient content in different areas for the cultivation of the excellent trees of Idesia polycarpa was quite different.The pH value of different cultivation areas was small;among them,there were large variations in the content of available potassium,available phosphorus,cracked nitrogen,and organic matter.According to the correlation analysis of Idesia polycarpa oil with meteorological factors,it was found that palmitic acid in Idesia polycarpa oil was positively correlated with annual average temperature,annual minimum temperature,extreme minimum temperature,annual average relative humidity and annual precipitation,and significantly negatively correlated with latitude;palmitoleic acid,oleic acid,and oil content are not significantly correlated with meteorological factors;stearic acid was significantly negatively correlated with annual minimum temperature,extreme minimum temperature,average days ≤0.0℃,and annual precipitation;linoleic acid and annual precipitation The average relative humidity was negatively correlated,and has a significant positive correlation with the latitude;α-linolenic acid has a significant positive correlation with the extreme maximum temperature;the oil content was significantly negatively correlated with the latitude.According to the correlation analysis of Idesia polycarpa oil content and fatty acid and soil factors,it was found that the Idesia polycarpaon correlation coefficient between stearic acid and PH value in Idesia polycarpa fruit oil was 0.361,reaching a significant correlation level,while the oil content of Idesia polycarpa fruit and PH value are significantly negative Correlation,the correlation coefficient was-0.369.Among fatty acids,only stearic acid was positively correlated with soil pH,and was negatively correlated with oil content and soil pH. |
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