| This paper mainly analyses the quality difference, seed dormancydiversity, genetic variability and correlation with ecology and geography of Idesiapolycarpa seeds located in Ganzhou(Jiangxi province), Guiyang and Zunyi (GuizhouProvince),Jiujiang and Nanchang (Jiangxi Province), Zhangjiajie (Hunan Province),Lin’an (Zhejiang Province), Yichang (Hubei Province), Chengdu and Guangyuan(Sichuan Province), Chongqing and Luoyang (Henan Province)12provenances anddraws a Idesia polycarpa geographic population variation. Main conclusions are asfollows:（1）Oil content of Idesia polycarpa pulp of12provenances was28.38%~48.35%, average37.62%, seed oil content12.6%~28.17%, average21.17%,average fruit (seeds and pulp) oil content was31.36%, and the Idesia polycarpa seediodine value between112.6~139.7mg·g-1, saponification value between191.2~194.6mg·g-1, cetane value between43.2~49.3mg·g-1, the iodine value of the pulpbetween108.2~137.1mg·g-1, saponification value between196.2~205.6mg·g-1,cetane value between43.3~55.0mg·g-1.According to the evaluation standard ofbiodiesel products, Idesia polycarpa is a kind of high quality raw materials ofbiodiesel. Guiyang area can be drawn as the most appropriate raw materials area forthe biomass diesel oil and can be used as an Idesia polycarpa priority to thedevelopment of biomass energy forestry region, following by Luoyang and Ganzhou.The fruit quality differences of Idesia polycarpa in different areas have a certainrelationship with the climate conditions of each area, the main factors being effectiverainfall and shining hours.（2）The Idesia polycarpa fruit oil has as high as12kinds of fatty acids (seed is10,12kinds of pulp). This experiment measured9-hydroxy pelargonic acid, twelveacids, heptadecanoic acid which predecessors did not find. The main ingredients arelinoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid. The linoleic acid content is thehighest (seed81.74%,66.97%) pulp, the unsaturated fatty acid content is higher(seed89.89%,81.49%pulp), having a bright future for edible oil development.（3）Idesia polycarpa seeds without low temperature treatment in the15/25℃(12hours25℃,15℃for12hours) exist obvious differences. The variance testshows significant differences (P <0.05), the range of10.72%to10.72%; the highest germination rate of Guangyuan, as high as65.13%, the lowest for Lin’an, as low as10.72%. In the order: Guangyuan (65.13%)> Nanchang (61.72%)> Jiujiang (57.93%)> Luoyang (44.92%)> Chengdu (42.83%)> Zunyi (36.61%)> Ganzhou (33.00%)> Yichang (32.54%)> Zhangjiajie (26.00%)> Guiyang (23.00%)> Chongqing(16.00%)> Lin’an (10.72%). Change rules have no obvious correlation with latitude,as a whole, in addition to Lin’an distribution zone, the germination rate at the edge ofthe area is greater than the center area. Under low temperature treatment after acertain time, seed germination rate of different areas have different degree of increase,in which the seeds of Zunyi area under the condition of5℃to60days of treatment,germination rate increased to72.02%from36.61%when untreated, the maximumbeing35.41%and increased to96.72%. Under the same process, Idesia polycarpa ofdifferent areas have significant differences in seed germination rate. The variance testshows that under the same process, different significant differences were observed ingermination rate (P <0.05). In a word, the Idesia polycarpa seeds treated by lowtemperature are higher than that without low temperature treatment in seedgermination rate. In Lin’an,15℃treatments under the condition of60days, seedgermination rate is zero, which may be due to seed at high temperatures for a longtime which in turn, inhibit the seed germination.（4）The seed germination potential of different Idesia polycarpa seeds withoutlow temperature treatment exists obvious differences, under the15/25℃germinatingtemperature, the variance test showing significant differences (P <0.05), the range of5.67%to5.67%; Germinability of Chengdu is the highest, up to35.46%, the lowestfor Chongqing, as low as5.67%. After a certain time in low temperature processing,seed germination potential of different areas all have varying degrees of increase. Indifferent distribution areas, the most suitable low temperature processing tempratureand low temperature processing time are different. In general, from the point ofprocessing time, processing of20and40days to improve the germination potentialeffect is better.（5）The germination speed of different Idesia polycarpa seeds without lowtemperature treatment germinate in the15/25℃temperature exists obviousdifference, the variance test showing significant difference (P <0.05), the range of13.48to13.48days. Overall, the longest seed germination time of Idesia polycarpafrom different area at different time under different temperature and low temperatureprocessing of is15℃, showing that the seed germination rate of Idesia polycarpa seeds under the condition of high temperature and a long time, compared with theuntreated, reduces instead.（6）The germination index and the quality of Idesia polycarpa in differentareas have certain correlations. The correlations between seed germination rate andTKW, the seed oil content, pulp oil content, the oil content of the fruit arepositive.The germination tendency is negatively associated with the seed oil content,pulp oil content, the oil content of the fruit, seed iodine value. Germination time islittle associated with fruit quality.（7）The results of DNA extraction and primers screening show that owing tothe high Idesia polycarpa polyphenols content in leaf, samples are prone to Browning,difficult to extract DNA. This research adopts the improved CTAB method, byadjusting the pyrolysis liquid concentration ratio, to control the cracking time, addPVP40and beta mercaptoethanol, grope for the table leaf genomic DNA extractionmethod, can satisfy the ISSR genetic analysis. This study selected22primers inarticle8GACGACGACGACGAC IS44sequences, that Idesia polycarpa isoligomeric trinucleotide repeat sequences in the genome. Using selected10primers of12areal PCR amplification, a total of110DNA samples were amplified from92highrepeatability, clear bands of fragments amplified molecular weight between200~2500bp, the average each primer amplification loci was9.2, the primer amplificationof stripe number for polymorphism loci of6and11,85, the average polymorphismrate was92.91%.（8）There exist certain differences between12Idesia polycarpa species. In aword, however, the Idesia polycarpa of the distribution centers, Zhangjiajie, Chengdu,Guangyuan, Chongqing, and Yichang had a higher genetic diversity, and Ganzhou,Zunyi, Luoyang, Lin’an Nanchang, Jiujiang, Guiyang which are located in the edge ofthe area had low genetic diversity of population. But there is no change with latitudeand presenting the regularity of change. Idesia polycarpa distribution range anddistribution area had significant genetic differentiations (p <0.001), the geneticdiversity of Idesia polycarpa in the main distribution area, accounting for78.01%ofthe variation of composition, only21.99%of the variation existed between differentpopulations. All this show that Idesia polycarpa variations mainly exist in distributionarea, distribution range of genetic differentiation being smaller.（9）In doing UPGMA cluster analysis, when the similarity number was0.868,the areas can be classified into4groups, a class for Jiujiang, a class for Ganzhou, a class for Nanchang, the remaining9areas together for a class. The geneticconsistency between different areas is0.7236to0.9806, which shows high degree ofsimilarity between different Idesia polycarpa of distribution areas. The minimumgenetic distances of Chongqing and Zhangjiajie is0.0196, the maximum geneticdistance of Nanchang and Jiujiang0.3235. Distribution intervals of the geneticdistance don’t change regularly with latitude. After doing the correlation analysis ofgenetic distance and geographic distance, significant level being (p>0.05), thegenetic distance of desia polycarpa in different distribution were not linked togeographic distance. |
PDF Full Text Request