Study On High Yield And High Efficiency Cultivation Pattern Of Oil Sunflower

Oil sunflower is one of the main crops in Hebei Province.It has a long history of cultivation,but the backward cultivation technology,the lack of planting method,unscientific fertilization and field management have seriously limited the development of sunflower industry in this region.Therefore,it is particularly urgent to study the influence of main cultivation factors on yield and quality of oil sunflower and to integrate high-yield cultivation techniques of sunflower.To study the effects of main cultivation factors on yield and quality of oil sunflower,and to determine the best cultivation pattern of oil sunflower,the hybrid oil sunflower"Yikuiza 3"was used as the experimental material,and L₁₈（3⁷）orthogonal test was used to study the effects of sowing date,density and fertilizer amount on the main agronomic characters,yield,its components and quality of oil sunflower in this experiment.The scientific formula fertilization experiment was carried out.The"3414"fertilizer effect design was adopted to establish the effect function of nitrogen,phosphorus and potash on yield and quality,and the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potash on yield and quality were analyzed.It showed that:（1）The effects of 3 cultivation factors on yield was:sowing date>the density>fertilizer amount.With the delay of sowing date and the increase of density and amount of fertilizer,the yield showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.Within the range of variables,the best sowing date was July 2nd,the best density was 52 500 plants/hm²,and the best fertilizer amount was 225 kg/hm².The result of the interaction of two factors on the yield showed that:sowing date×density>sowing date×fertilizer amount>density×fertilizer amount.The yield was the highest when the sowing date was July 2nd and the density was 52 500 plants/hm².（2）The order in effect of 3 kinds of fertilizers on yield was potassium>nitrogen>phosphorus,With the increase of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer used,the output increased at first and then decreased.The maximum yield and the application of nitrogen fertilizer:N=88.14kg/hm²,Y=2798.96 kg/hm²,the most economical yield and fertilizer application:N=86.01 kg/hm²,Y=2798.42 kg/hm²;the highest yield and the corresponding amount of phosphate fertilizer application:P₂O₅=36.97kg/hm²,Y=2798.41 kg/hm²,the most economical yield and fertilizer application:P₂O₅=36.74 kg/hm²,Y=2798.39 kg/hm²;the highest potassium fertilizer yield and fertilizer application:K₂O=61.31 kg/hm²,Y=2907.39kg/hm²,the most economical yield and fertilizer application:K₂O=59.63kg/hm²,Y=2906.63 kg/hm².In terms of quality,the effect on the crude protein content of 3 fertilizers:nitrogen>phosphorus>potassium,and the effect on the content of crude fat:potassium>phosphorus>nitrogen.With the amount of nitrogen application increasing,the content of crude protein augmented,but the content of crude fat reduced.By increasing phosphorus application,the content of crude fat showed an upward trend,while there was no obvious regularity of crude protein.With the add of potassium application,the content of crude protein showed a downward trend.The crude fat content was on the rise.（3）High yield and high efficiency cultivation pattern of sunflower:the sowing date was July 2nd,the density was 52 893～56742 plants/hm²,and the amount of compound fertilizer was 219.67～256.55 kg/hm².Under the conditions of scientific formula fertilization,when nitrogen fertilizer was 79.55～104.76 kg/hm²,phosphate fertilizer was 39.67～40.01kg/hm²,and potash fertilizer was 63.63～75.70 kg/hm²,it is the best fertilization combination,and the ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was 1:0.43:0.76.