Genetic Effect Analysis Of Grain Drying Rate Traits In Spring Maize

Corn is one of the most important cereal crops in the world,and it is also the second staple food in China.It plays an important role in China’s agricultural production and national economy.In modern agricultural production,it is required that the mode of production is efficient and economical,so the whole process of mechanized operation will become an important development direction.In the whole process of mechanization development,mechanized harvesting is a difficult problem at present.One of the main problems is the high water content of corn grains during harvesting,which mainly depends on the dehydration rate of corn grains.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the characteristics and genetic effects of corn grain dehydration rate for accelerating breeders to select varieties with fast grain dehydration.In this experiment,the genetic effects of grain dehydration traits were analyzed by constructing three generations of recombinant inbred lines.The results showed that:1.The dehydration rate character in the later stage of physiological maturity of grain is mainly determined by the direct additive effect of mother,and the direct dominant effect of embryo,cytoplasm and mother affects this character together.Among them,the genetic effect of mother is far greater than that of embryo and cytoplasm.2.The genetic effect of protein content is mainly determined by maternal direct additive effect and cytoplasmic effect.The genetic effect of starch content is mainly determined by the direct additive effect of embryo and the direct dominant effect of mother.The genetic effect of oil content is mainly determined by the direct dominant effect of embryo,cytoplasmic effect and maternal direct additive effect.3.Dehydration rate and protein content in the later stage of physiological maturity were significantly negatively correlated in genotype,and maternal direct additive effect and cytoplasmic genetic effect were significantly and completely negatively correlated.There is a significant positive correlation with starch content in genotype,and the maternal direct dominant effect has a very significant negative correlation.4.Among the 11 agronomic traits measured,8 traits such as bract leaf number,bract leaf dehydration rate,plant height,spike height,spike length,spike diameter,grain number per row and spike weight are determined by maternal effect.Baldness is determined by additive effect and dominant effect.The number of rows per spike is determined by additive effect.The dehydration rate of panicle axis is determined by both dominant effect and additive effect.5.Seven traits,such as plant height,ear position,ear length,ear diameter,grain number per row,ear weight and ear axis dehydration rate,are significantly and positively correlated with grain dehydration rate in genotype.Seven traits,such as plant height,ear height,ear length,ear diameter,ear rows,grains per row and ear weight,were significantly and positively correlated with grain dehydration rate in dominant effect.Six traits,such as plant height,ear height,grains per row,ear length,ear diameter and ear weight,were significantly and positively correlated with grain dehydration rate in maternal effect.6.In developmental genetics of grain dehydration,the direct additive effect of embryo was only expressed in 36-43 DAP period.The dominant effect of embryo was expressed at22-71 DAP,and reached the maximum at 50-57 DAP.Cytoplasmic effect reached the maximum at 29-36 DAP.The maternal direct additive effect reached its maximum expression value at 43-50 DAP.Maternal direct dominant effect was expressed in 22-71 DAP,and the maximum value was reached in 29-36 DAP.