Effects Of Layered Fertilization On Yield And Water And Fertilizer Use Efficiency Of Wheat And Maize

In order to alleviate the water resource pressure in the wheat-corn rotation system in the Huanghuaihai region and the low water and fertilizer use efficiency caused by long-term shallow fertilization,this study conducted field experiments under the conditions of limited water irrigation and recommended fertilization to explore the differences.The effect of fertilization mode on wheat-corn crop yield,soil nutrient and soil moisture changes,plant dry matter and nutrient accumulation and transfer,in order to improve the water and fertilizer use efficiency of local crops by using fertilizer to adjust water and use water to promote fertilizer..The experiment adopted a completely random design and set up three fertilization modes:farmer mode（F₁）,rotary tillage fertilization in wheat season（depth 0-15 cm）+no-tillage and shallow application in corn season（depth 0-15 cm）;shallow fertilization mode（F₂）Rotary tillage fertilization in wheat season（depth 0-15 cm）+no-tillage and shallow application in corn season（depth 0-15 cm）;layered fertilization mode（F₃）,layered fertilization in wheat season（0-15 cm,15-30 cm）+layered fertilization in the corn season（0-15 cm,15-30 cm）.The main results of the study are as follows:1.Layered fertilization can effectively increase the water consumption of winter wheat in the 80-120 cm soil layer,and the water consumption in the middle and late stages of winter wheat growth,and increase the water consumption of farmland during the growth period of winter wheat;under the conditions of sufficient rainfall in the corn season,The layered fertilization mode can effectively increase the water storage capacity of the soil and reduce the water consumption of the farmland in the corn season.Compared with the household fertilization mode and shallow fertilization mode,the annual water consumption of wheat-corn farmland was reduced by 25.3 mm and 15.5 mm,respectively,and water use efficiency increased by 13.8%and 11.2%.2.The layered fertilization mode can significantly increase the total nitrogen concentration of 20-40 cm in the soil during the early and mid-term growth of wheat and maize,and can guarantee the nitrogen supply of the crop in the early and mid-term growth.Slow-release nitrogen fertilizer can effectively reduce the nitrate nitrogen in the deep soil.The concentration reduces the risk of leaching.The layered fertilization mode also effectively increases the content of available phosphorus and available potassium in the20-40 cm soil of wheat and corn in each growth period,ensuring the nutrient requirements of crop growth and development,and is also conducive to the growth and development of the next crop.3.The layered fertilization mode can significantly increase the dry matter accumulation of wheat after flowering and the contribution rate to the grain,and better coordinate the dry matter accumulation and transport before and after flowering in the maize season,which is better than that of the farmer model.The dry matter accumulation and the dry matter transport of vegetative organs increased by 8.2%and 63.6%,respectively.Compared with the farm household model,the nitrogen translocation of wheat and maize treated by layered fertilization increased by 11.9%and 5.1%,and the phosphorus translocation increased by 14.3%and 20.2%,respectively.The potassium accumulation of wheat and maize was significantly higher.Apply fertilizer mode to farmers.From an annual point of view,the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient accumulation of plants and grains and the apparent utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the layered fertilization treatment were higher than those of the other two treatments.The apparent benefit rate,agronomic efficiency and nitrogen nutrient use efficiency of N,P and K fertilizer were higher than those of farmer fertilization and shallow fertilization.4.The number of ears per unit area,grain number per ear,and 1000-grain weight of winter wheat in the layered fertilization mode are maintained at a high level.Compared with the farmer fertilization mode,the number of ears per unit area and the number of ears per ear are significantly increased.Compared with the farmer fertilization mode and shallow fertilization mode,the yield increased by 5.1%and 8.4%respectively.In the corn season,the layered fertilization mode significantly increased the number of grains per ear compared with the other two fertilization modes,and the yield increased by 8.1%and 7.4%,respectively.The annual grain yield of wheat-maize in the layered fertilization mode increased by 9.5%and 8.5%,respectively,compared with the farm household mode and the shallow fertilization mode.Conclusion:Under the experimental conditions,the grain yield of wheat-corn in the layered fertilization treatment increased by 9.5%and 8.5%,water use efficiency increased by 13.5%and 11.0%,and the agronomic efficiency of fertilizer increased by 40.1%and35.1%。Therefore,compared with the farmer mode and the shallow fertilization mode.In the dry year,the wheat is irrigated with 1 water in spring.Under the recommended fertilizer rate,the wheat-corn base fertilizer is applied in layers with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.Deep application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can ensure the yield level and improve water use efficiency and fertilizer agronomic efficiency.