| Western mosquitofish(Gambusia affinis),native to North America,is characterized with wide distribution,rapid growth and strong plasticity.Studies have shown that fish behavior was influenced by a variety factors,both internal and external.However,the impact of environmental endocrine disruptors is not comprehensive enough on fish behavior.As a common endocrine disruptor,Bisphenol A(BPA)has important impact on the behavior,morphology and physiology of human and wild animals.In this study,G.affinis from Hangzhou was used as the experimental object.G.affinis was exposed to BPA(15 μg/L,225 μg/L)for 21 days,and the offspring were collected.The effects of BPA exposure on the behavior of G.affinis were explored by analyzing the boldness,activity,sociality and preference of mate choice of male and female adult fish.The behavior of juvenile fish was analyzed through the video tracking software to explore the effects of expose to BPA during pregnancy on offspring.We calculated somatic lean weight,fat content,GSI,embryo lean weight,embryo fat content,reproductive allocation,fecundity and embryo developmental stage of adult fish to study the effects of BPA exposure on reproductive related traits.The main results were as follows:(1)The effect of BPA on fish behavior was gender specific and independent of the reproductive state.The personality characteristics of G.affinis in different BPA treatment groups were generally consistent,except the boldness of 15 μg/L BPA treatment.Male exposure tests found that exposure to 15 μg/L BPA significantly reduced the boldness,225μg/L BPA exposure significantly enhanced the sociality.The activity of male individuals and all personality traits of female individuals were not affected by BPA exposure.Among the male individuals,there was a certain correlation between boldness and activity and between activity and sociality in the control group and the 15 μg/L experimental group,while there was no correlation between the personality traits in the 225 μg/L experimental group.There was a significant correlation between boldness and activity in the female individuals in three groups.For juvenile fish,their mobility was significantly reduced after exposure to BPA.(2)The results of mate choice showed that 225 μg/L BPA exposure reduced the total preference of male G.affinis,but did not affect their choice of potential mate size,and the male fish did not pay attention to mate size;for female individuals,BPA exposure reduced their mate selection ability,but did not affect their total preference intensity.(3)The effects of BPA were gender specific on reproductive related traits and related to reproductive status.After exposure to 225 μg/L BPA,the fat content of male G.affinis decreased significantly,but somatic lean weight and GSI did not change significantly.The reproductive allocation of non-pregnant females exposed to 15 μg/L and 225 μg/L BPA was significantly higher than that of the control group,while BPA had no significant effect on somatic lean weight and fat content;there was no significant difference in reproductive related traits of pregnant females between control and BPA exposure.In summary,this study found that BPA exposure caused the male to be less boldness,more sociality,less willing to reproduce,and lower fat reserves;it also led to the female to reduce the requirements of their spouses and increase the reproductive investment of nonpregnant females.The results showed that the effects of BPA on the personality traits,mate choice and reproductive related traits were gender specific.In addition,the effect of BPA on reproductive related traits of male might be related to the change of their personality traits,which indicated that the effect of BPA on mosquitofish is multifaceted,and to some extent reveals the effect of environmental endocrine disruptors on fish. |
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