| Pinellia ternate(P.ternata)is a perennial herb,and tubers and bulbils are the main harvest parts of P.ternata.P.ternata is widely used,which makes the demand for P.ternata increasing.A large number of mining results in the lack of wild resources.The shortage of P.ternata leads to the price of P.ternata becoming more and more expensive.This high economic value has driven farmers to enlarge planting area for P.ternata.However,the artificial cultivation technology is not mature enough,and the phenomenon of falling seedlings is easy to occur under environment stress,which limits the improvement of yield.In this paper,the seed bulbs from Anguo,Hebei Province and Tianshui,Gansu Province were used as materials to study.The response of different cultivars and seed bulb sizes of P.ternata to brassinolide(BR),and the effects of BR biosynthesis inhibitors propiconazole(Pcz)on P.ternate were investigated.The mechanism of BR on tuber expansion and bulbil formation of P.ternata was preliminarily revealed,and the relationship between yield and quality of P.ternata was clarified,so as to provide theoretical support for artificial cultivation of P.ternata.The results were as follows:1.Effect of BR treatments on P.ternata with different seed bulb size.Six levels of BR(0,0.05,0.10,0.50,1.00 and 2.00 mg/L)were sprayed at three-leaf fully expanded stage.The results showed that the tuber yield of two seed bulb size and bulbil yield of small seed bulb were increased by 5.67,22.66,and 69.23 % on the 105 th day after 0.50 mg/L BR treatment,compared with the control,respectively.On the 105 th day of treatments,only 0.05 mg/L BR treatment increased principal component analysis(PCA)comprehensive score in tuber of small seed bulb by 167.29 %,and 0.05 and 0.50 mg/L BR treatments increased PCA comprehensive score in bulbil of large seed bulb by 145.66 and 252.97 %,compared with the control,respectively.Significant BR × seed bulb size interactions were found on the yield and quality of P.ternata.2.Effect of BR treatments on P.ternata with different cultivars.Six levels of BR(0,0.05,0.10,0.50,1.00 and 2.00 mg/L)were sprayed at three-leaf fully expanded stage.The results showed that BR treatments increased the yield and quality of two P.ternata cultivars.After the 15 th day of treatments,BR was beneficial to increase DPPH radical scavenging activity and contents of total flavone,ascorbic acid,and soluble sugar in tuber of two P.ternata cultivars.After the 105 th day of BR treatments,peach leaf P.ternata had higher yield and contents of total alkaloids,free amino acid,and soluble protein content in tuber and bulbil,and willow leaf P.ternata had higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and contents of total flavone and soluble sugar in tuber and bulbil.3.Effects of BR treatment on P.ternata during different stages.Six levels of BR(0,0.05,0.10,0.50,1.00,and 2.00 mg/L)were sprayed at three-leaf fully expanded stage.The results showed that on the 15 th,45th,60 th,75th,90 th,and 105 th day after treatments,the tuber yield of P.ternata reached the peak value at 0.10(0.65 g),0.50(1.97 g),0.50(1.98 g),1.00(2.37 g),1.00(2.84 g),and 2.00 mg/L(3.76 g)BR treatment,respectively.Comprehensive analysis showed that the optimal harvest time was the 75 th day after 0.10,0.50,and 1.00 mg/L BR treatments,which not only significantly improved the yield of P.ternata,but also retained high level of total alkaloids in tuber(20.89,5.37,and 13.44 %)and bulbil(9.74,20.42,and13.62 %),total flavone content in tuber(17.66,16.26,and 12.74 %)and bulbil(52.63,12.79,and 38.69 %),and β-sitosterol content in tuber(25.26,16.65,and 0.62 %)of P.ternata,compared with control,respectively.4.In order to investigate the effects of BR biosynthesis inhibitors Pcz on the yield and quality of P.ternata.Six levels of Pcz(0,0.1,0.5,1,5,and 10 μM)were sprayed at three-leaf fully expanded stage.The results showed that Pcz treatment reduced the plant height,and bulbil yield of P.ternata,while tuber yield was significantly reduced by 0.1,0.5 and 10μM Pcz treatments,compared to the control.After the 15 th day of treatments,Pcz treatment decreased the total alkaloids,β-sitosterol,total flavone,soluble protein,and soluble sugar contents and PAL and GS activity in tubers of P.ternata.After the 105 th day of treatments,Pcz treatments reduced the contents of active components in tubers and total alkaloids and nutrients components in bulbils of P.ternata.Comprehensive analysis showed that inhibition of the endogenous BR biosynthesis reduced the yield and quality of P.ternata. |
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