| Traditional Chinese medicine is a treasure in China’s medical treasure house.However,with the rapid development of the Chinese medicine industry,a huge amount of traditional Chinese medicine residues has brought serious ecological pollution problems.Therefore,health-care traditional Chinese medicine residue and cow manure were used in the study as main raw materials,compounded into four substrate formulas with the volume ratio of 5:0(T1),4:1(T2),3:2(T3),and 2:3(T4)respectively,as well as the coconut bran substrate as the control(CK).Grown by the substrate bag-cultivation,the effect of the health-care traditional Chinese medicine residues compound substrate on the growth,yield,fruit quality and functional components of tomatoes in the solar greenhouse were studied,and the effect of this type of medicine residues as a cultivation substrate resource utilization was clarified,so that it can provide theoretical and technical guidance for the substrate cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine residues of protected tomatoes in China and the improvement of fruit functional components.The main research conclusions were as follows:(1)Variations of substrate physical-chemical properties and nutrient: throughout the growth period,the bulk density of the four traditional Chinese medicine residue compound substrate treatments was significantly higher than that of CK,which was within the appropriate range,and these treatments’ total porosity before and after planting was not much different for all treatments,and the water-holding and air-permeable properties of substrates were very stable.In addition,during the growth period,the p H of the four traditional Chinese medicine residue compound substrates was significantly higher than that of the CK treatment,and their p H values were slowly reduced to about 7.5.The EC value before planting was also significantly higher than that of the CK treatment and tend to increase with the decrease of the proportion of Chinese medicine residues in the substrate,beyond the appropriate range.In addition,only T2 treatment’s substrate available P content eventually fell by 25%,needed to add more P,and compared to the initial value of available K content,T1,T2,T3,T4,CK treatments’ available K content was reduced by 48%,27%,64% and 44% respectively,therefore,it was necessary to pay attention to intermittent potassium supplementation for all treatments in the later stage of growth.(2)Growth and yield: compared with CK,T1 and T2 treatments’ plants had slightly worse plant height growth,better stem diameter growth and significant difference,and had relatively good growth status,while T3 and T4 treatments’ plants had relatively poor plant height and stem diameter growth,which were reduced by more than 20% and 18% compared with the control,respectively,reaching significant difference.In addition,the root characteristics of all Chinese medicine residues compound substrates were generally better than CK,while in terms of biomass and yield,there was no significant difference between the total dry weight and fruit yield of T2 and CK treatments’ plants,while the other treatments were all significantly lower than CK,indicating that T2 was the most suitable for tomato bagcultivation growth.(3)Fruit quality: compared with CK treatment,the content of lycopene,total flavonoids and soluble protein in tomato fruits treated with T1 and T2 can be increased by more than 50%,8%,and 66%,which was significantly different from CK.In addition,total flavonoids content of fruits of the two traditional Chinese medicine residue compound substrates increased with the increase of the proportion of the traditional Chinese medicine residue content in the substrate,at the same time,the fruit vitamin C also has increasing trend,which was significantly higher than that of CK.Among them,the T2 treatment had the highest vitamin C content,which was 98% higher than the control.(4)Safety evaluation: The heavy metal contents of arsenic,cadmium,mercury and lead in the four kinds of traditional Chinese medicine residue compound substrates and tomato fruits are all lower than the national safety standards.Compared with CK,the arsenic,cadmium,mercury,and lead heavy metal contents of the four traditional Chinese medicine residue compound substrates were all reduced by more than 36%,15%,50%,and 36%.The cadmium and lead content in the fruit decreased with the increase of the Chinese medicine residue content in the formula,indicating that the Chinese medicine residue had a certain effect on reducing the content of heavy metals in the fruit.(5)Comprehensive evaluation: through the gray correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the measurement results,the comprehensive evaluation score of each substrate formula was ranked as: T2 ﹥ T1 ﹥ CK ﹥ T3 ﹥ T4.Comprehensive considerations,T2 treatment(Chinese medicine residue: cow dung=4:1)was the best formula. |
