| Fragaria viridis Duch.is a herbaceous plant belonging to Fragaria in Rosaceae,which is rich in nutrients and fragrant taste,and has strong stress resistance and high utilization value.Wild strawberry germplasm resources are the original materials for innovation of strawberry germplasm,and collection,preservation,identification and evaluation of germplasm resources are the basic work for breeding new strawberry varieties.In this experiment,the botanical characters of F.viridis collected from Xinjiang,China and Germany were investigated.Based on the difference of fruit quality and compared with other wild species,the F.viridis from different populations were analyzed and evaluated,hoping to provide theoretical basis for the utilization of F.viridis.The main results are as follows:The phenological period of F.viridis from different populations was investigated.It was found that the phenological periods of different populations of F.viridis were consistent with each other,with slight differences.They entered the initial flowering stage in early May,were in full bloom stage in mid-May,and reached the final flowering stage and early fruiting stage in late May.The phenological periods of code 2-5,2-10,18-9 and 43-10 were about 4-5 days earlier than those of other resources.The botanical characters of 12 F.viridis were investigated.It was found that there were differences in plant characters,leaf size,inflorescence and flower characters and fruit characters among different populations of F.viridis.Plants are tall and thin,but there are small differences in plant height among different populations.The leaves are all yellow-green and feathery with 3 leaves.Poly umbels,with many inflorescences and monoecious.Pollen grains are long spherical,with three germination grooves,and the outer wall ornamentation is parallel to the polar axis.The fruit is round or oval,the color of the fruit surface is mostly green,the sunny side is red,the fruit size is uniform,and it has a fragrant smell.The fruit quality of different populations of F.viridis was analyzed,and F.mandschurica,F.pentaphylla(white fruited genotype),F.chinensis,F.nubicola,F.vesca and Emei genotype strawberry were taken as reference.The organic acids of 12 populations of F.viridis are mainly malic acid and citric acid,and contain succinic acid and trace fumaric acid.The contents of malic acid are 1.84～10.05 mg/g,citric acid is 1.93～3.52 mg/g,succinic acid is0.16～1.39 mg/g and fumaric acid is 0.045～0.061 mg/g.Catechin,rutin,epicatechin,dihydromyricetin,dihydrokaempferol,quercetin and naringenin were detected.The contents of catechin,epicatechin and dihydromyricetin were 10.41～100.53 mg/100 g,1.86～49.57mg/100 g and 0.97～12.93 mg/100 g,respectively.The content of dihydrokaempferol is4.94～6.3 mg/100 g,quercetin is 1.50～2.93 mg/100 g,and there is no naringenin in strawberry fruit.A total of 47 kinds of aromatic substances were detected in the fruits of F.viridis from different populations,including 8 kinds of aldehydes,10 kinds of esters,3 kinds of alkenes,8kinds of alcohols,7 kinds of acids,4 kinds of phenols,1 kind of ketones and 5 kinds of other kinds of substances.The aromatic substances in different populations are different,and the delicate fragrance of F.viridis is formed under the joint action of these substances.Thesoluble sugar content,anthocyanin content,vitamin C content,DPPH content and ABTS content of 12 populations ranged from 6.05 to 10.44 g/100 g,13.66 to 24.90 mg/kg,31.72 to69.83 mg/100 g,5.69 to 8.21 mmol TE/kg and 7.98 to 19.11 mmol TE/kg.Through the correlation analysis of flavonoids,organic acids,soluble sugar,anthocyanin,DPPH and ABTS in wild strawberry fruit,it was found that there were correlations among some indexes.Generally speaking,the indexes of fruit quality are significantly positively correlated or not correlated with each other,which provides theoretical reference for the evaluation and utilization of F.viridis fruit. |
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