| The wine grape producing areas at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia are rich in calcium under alkaline soil conditions,but the poor availability of calcium leads to the problems of unclear characteristics and poor quality of wine grapes in the producing areas.By means of investigation,field experiment and sampling analysis,the current status of calcium nutrition in vineyard soil and leaves was investigated in vineyard grape production area at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia,the correlation between soil calcium and pH was analyzed,and the current status and influencing factors of calcium nutrition in vineyard at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain were found out.Given the Helan mountain wine vineyards of soil calcium content research,with 7 years wine grape "cabernet sauvignon" as the research object,through field experiment combined with micro damage plant sampling method and indoor analysis,the helan mountain foothill grape the whole growth period of plant dry matter accumulation law of dynamic change and accumulation law of calcium element,Then the absorption and distribution of calcium in wine grape body were obtained.Furthermore,calcium supplementation measures were taken in the expansion and color turning stages of wine grape to study the effects of calcium on fruit growth and fruit quality,in order to provide basic data for the regulation of calcium in wine grape vineyards at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain.The results are as follows:(1)The vineyards at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain are rich in soil calcium,with an average of 65.98 g·kg-1,and the total soil calcium mainly distributed in the surface layer.Soil available Ca content was negatively correlated with soil pH.With the increase of soil pH,soil available Ca content decreased.Helan mountain foothill grape wine residue in the soil and acid soluble calcium states calcium accounted for above 60%,and for wine grapes grow effective ratio of water soluble state and switching state accounts for only about 30%of the total calcium content,so the low effectiveness of soil mineral nutrition,sufficient calcium in the soil in calcium cannot fully guarantee of wine grape nutrient requirements.There was a significant positive correlation between leaf Ca content and soil available Ca content,and a positive correlation with leaf Mg and Zn,and a negative correlation with other mineral elements.(2)The results of absorption and distribution of calcium in wine grapes showed that the mass of wine raisins increased in an "S" type during the whole growth period.Seven year old wine grape Cabernet Sauvignon absorbed 82.54 g of Ca per plant from the soil,of which 73.25%was allocated to the growth and development of the shoot and 26.74%to the root growth.With the development of growth period,the dynamic changes of calcium accumulation in root and shoot of wine grape showed an "S" shape.The turning stage and swelling stage were the periods with the most calcium accumulation,which had the best calcium supplementation effect on wine grape body.At germination stage,calcium was mainly distributed in branches and roots.At young fruit stage,leaf Ca accounted for 45.03%of the absorption and accumulation.Most of the calcium absorbed by wine grape body at mature stage was stored in branches and leaves,and the calcium accumulation in branches,leaves,roots and fruits accounted for 57.00%,20.25%,20.15%and 2.45%of the total calcium accumulation of the whole plant,respectively.(3)Different fertilization methods and different concentrations of calcium supplementation measures were applied in the turning stage and expansion stage of grape wine.The leaf spraying of calcium sugar alcohol could improve the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of grape leaves to a certain extent,and the leaf spraying of calcium fertilizer could significantly increase the horizontal and longitudinal longitude,panicle length,100-grain weight and yield of grape wine.At the same time,it effectively promoted the synthesis of soluble sugar,titratable acid,total phenols and anthocyanins in grape berries,and significantly reduced the content of tannin in grape berries.According to 20 principal component analysis,the best effect was obtained when the amount of calcium of sugar alcohol was 2.4 L·hm-2 on leaf spray.Drops of sugar alcohol calcium to wine grape has remarkable effect on physiological characteristics,quality and yield,drops of sugar alcohol calcium to wine grape leaf photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content were promoted,drops of sugar alcohol calcium for wine grapes chlorophyll,anthocyanins content is the most significant effect,and drops of sugar alcohol calcium for wine grapes hundred grain weight,yield,soluble solids,titratable acid,total phenol content were increased,It can significantly reduce the tannin content of grapes and berries.According to 20 principal component analysis,the best effect was obtained when the dosage of calcium of sugar alcohol was 4.8 L·hm-2.The photosynthetic characteristics,leaf chlorophyll content,berry quality and yield of wine grape were significantly improved by the combination of sugar-alcohol-calcium spray and fertilizer in half.The contents of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics of grape leaves,soluble solids,titratable acid,total phenols and anthocyanins in berries were all improved by sugar-alcohol calcium spraying and fertilizer in half.The principal component analysis method was used to comprehensively analyze all indexes under different application rates.The results showed that,2.4 L·hm-2+2.4 L·hm-2 sugar-alcohol calcium spraying on foliage had the best effect at the turning stage and expansion stage. |
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