Large-Scale Meat Pigeon Farms In Parts Of Southern Xinjiang Investigation Of Common Pathogens

Meat pigeon farming is one of the main means for farmers and herdsmen to get rid of poverty and get rich in recent years in some areas of southern Xinjiang,and meat pigeon diseases seriously affect the economic benefits of pigeon industry.In order to find out the types and characteristics of the main diseases and pathogenic characteristics of the pigeon flock in some areas of southern Xinjiang,two large-scale pigeon farms in Kashgar and Hotan regions were used as research objects,and the clinical symptoms of the affected pigeons and the anatomical pathological changes of the dead pigeons were recorded for 20 consecutive days.The samples were collected for virology(pigeon circovirus,pigeon paramyxovirus,avian influenza virus),Salmonella and Trichomonas.It was found that the morbidity and mortality of young pigeons in the two farms were high,and the main symptoms were diarrhea,neurological symptoms,both comorbidities,oral ulcers,and liver enlargement as the main pathological changes;laboratory pathogenic tests revealed that the detection rates of circovirus,Salmonella and Trichomonas were high in the two farms.Among them,the detection rates of circovirus,paramyxovirus,avian influenza virus,salmonella and trichomonas were: 75.50 %(188/249),3.21 %(8/249),1.60 %(4/249),9.50 %(17/179)and 50 %(15/30)in Kashgar scale pigeon farms;and in Hotan scale pigeon farms were.33.33 %(34/102),0 %(0/102),2.94 %(3/102),13.72 %(14/102)and 43.33 %(13/30).The presence of a large number of deaths in both fields can be considered as a result of mixed infections with circovirus,Salmonella and Trichinella.The whole genome sequence of Xinjiang strain of pigeon circovirus(named XJ1 strain)was amplified from the feces of dead pigeons in a large-scale pigeon farm in Kashgar by PCR amplification and gene sequence determination,and its genome composition,structure and genetic evolutionary relationships were analyzed.The genetic evolutionary analysis of the whole genome of XJ1 strain revealed that its genome was 2,031 bp long with five ORF reading frames.87.20 % ～ 94.90 % nucleotide homology was found between XJ1 and 24 reported pigeon circovirus strains,with the highest homology with GF17 and GH1834(both 94.90 %).The genetic evolutionary tree showed that strain XJ1 was most closely related to GF17,GF82 and GH1834 in the "ATG" branch of the Cap protein start codon.For Salmonella isolated from aseptically collected feces from a meat pigeon farm in Kashgar,the bacteria were identified by biochemical identification,16 S r DNA sequencing,multiplex serotype PCR identification,drug susceptibility testing of 17 antibiotics using the K-B method,as well as animal pathogenicity testing and 10 virulence gene tests.The results showed that 7 suspected Salmonella strains were isolated and purified,which were black single colonies on SS medium and microscopically examined as Gram-negative short rods without pods and budding spores;the biochemical reaction results were consistent with the biochemical characteristics of Salmonella;the 16 S r DNA gene sequence analysis showed that the homology of the isolates with Salmonella enterica and Salmonella typhimurium was96.80 %,and by multiplex PCR serotype The seven strains showed high susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,cefotaxime,cefepime,gentamicin,ampicillin,amikacin,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin and piperacillin(100 μg/tablet);sulfamethoxazole isoxazole,polymyxin B,and streptomycin showed resistance;7 strains of Salmonella were highly pathogenic in animals and all mice in the experimental group died within 24 h;2 classes and 2 virulence genes were detected,spv plasmid: spv R and SPI-1: avr A(T3SS-1),respectively.