Design And Optimization Of Orchard Chicken House Based On Automatic Detection And Control

Poultry farming in forest orchard is a kind of farming and planting mode to maintain the ecological balance of orchard.With the continuous development of livestock industry,forest orchard farming equipment has gradually realized mechanization and continues to move towards automation.In this paper,some problems in the use of special henhouses in forest orchards promoted in Aksu region of southern Xinjiang are discussed.The design of mechanical structure optimization,environmental monitoring and automatic control of this kind of henhouse will provide overall reference for the standardized construction of scattered henhouse in forest orchard.The main research contents are:（1）Mechanical structure design and optimization of chicken houseThrough the optimization design of the key mechanical structure of the henhouse,the main reference data in the construction process of the henhouse are obtained.According to the relevant literature,combined with the winter climate data and the relevant parameters of the enclosure structure in southern Xinjiang,the relevant parameters of the external structure of the henhouse were comprehensively analyzed and calculated.The PVC rigid foam plastic was selected as the color steel plate of the interlayer,and the thickness of the interlayer was calculated to be 8 cm.In order to prevent the egg stagnation caused by the deformation of the bottom grid,the static stress modal analysis of the bottom grid based on Pro/E-ANSYS was carried out.The deformation of the bottom grid can be controlled within 0.4 cm by adding three strengthened beams,which can effectively avoid egg stagnation.Through the analysis of egg physical parameters,the mesh size should be≤40mm;A non-axial spiral feed was designed and installed in the trough.The feed delivery was calculated at 0.25kg/min and the input power was 0.087 kw.（2）Design of transverse ventilation system in winter.Aiming at the problem of minimum vent setting in chicken house.The distribution characteristics of NH₃and H₂S in enclosed henhouse were analyzed by CFD（computational fluid dynamics）simulation and factor test.The results showed that the NH₃concentration was positively correlated with temperature in the height direction,and the difference in the height distribution of H₂S concentration was small.CFD simulation shows that the concentration of mixed gas near the wall and upper layer is relatively high.Multi-factor test analysis showed that temperature had a significant impact on gas distribution（P<0.05）,and the height of vent and ventilation speed had a significant impact on the decrease of gas concentration（P<0.050）.The optimal parameters were 23°C,1.7m of vent height,0.1m/s of ventilation speed,and the predicted mean concentrations of NH₃and H₂S were 12.1 ppm and 3.8 ppm.CFD simulation of the vent near the sidewall area under the optimal parameters shows that there is no dead angle in the low concentration uniform distribution of poultry house gas.The verification test shows that the relative errors between the measured mean and the simulation predicted value are 0.8%and 2%,respectively,which are less than 5%,meeting the design requirements of the vent.（3）Design of Chicken House Control SystemSince the chicken house control system is not yet mature,the modeling based on Solidworks is carried out,and the reduced chicken house test bench is built in the laboratory.With PLC as the control core,the electrical system of the test bench is built and simulated.Clear electrical control system,design and implementation of chicken house automatic feces collection function,real-time statistics of poultry house chicken quantity,night lighting and ventilation heating and other automatic control and detection functions.The minimum vent was optimized,the exhaust fan and gas detection sensor were installed,the gas concentration threshold was set by PLC,the exhaust fan through ventilation was controlled,and the gas concentration in the henhouse was intermittently controlled to form a single loop control ventilation system,so as to achieve the good effect of ventilation with heat preservation.In summary,through the research on the overall structure description,key component design,winter horizontal ventilation system design,and overall design of chicken house control system of scattered breeding chicken house in forest orchards,this study expects to provide reference for the development of mechanization and automatic supervision of chicken house in forest orchards,and promote the transformation of welfare ecological farming and green sustainable development.