Research On Optimization Of High-yield And High-efficiency Management Technology For Winter Wheat And Summer Corn In North China

North China Plain is an important grain production base in China,and it is also the main production area of wheat and corn,which plays an irreplaceable role in the future food security of the country.At present,there are still some problems in the production of winter wheat and summer maize in North China Plain,such as large variation of farmers’yield,low technology availability,low nutrient efficiency and high environmental risk.It is necessary to optimize high-yield and high-efficiency technologies based on the production characteristics of small farmers.Therefore,this study uses two methods:the boundary line analysis based on the farmer data and the meta-analysis based on the field test data to optimize the main management measures for high yield and high efficiency of winter wheat/summer maize,compare two methods,verify the optimization results and analyze the influencing factors of management measures in each link,The high yield and high efficiency optimization management technology of winter wheat/summer maize in this area was put forward.The main results are as follows:(1)Based on the boundary line optimization results,the optimal input ranges of N,P2O5 and K2O in winter wheat were 172-270 kg/hm2,79-226kg/hm2 and 26-101 kg/hm2,respectively;The ratio of base to topdressing was 0.33-1.30;The top dressing date was from March 29 to April 17;The sowing date is from October 2 to October 11;The sowing rate was 188-298 kg/hm2.The optimal input range of N,P2O5 and K2O in summer maize were 73-209 kg/hm2,28-178 kg/hm2 and 44-149 kg/hm2;The sowing date is from June 11 to June 22;The sowing density was 4.4-7.3-104Plant/hm2。(2)Based on the optimization results of meta-analysis,the optimal input ranges of N,P2O5 and K2O in winter wheat were 205-240 kg/hm2,120-150 kg/hm2 and 75-115 kg/hm2,respectively;The ratio of base to topdressing was 0.8-1.3;The suitable topdressing stage was jointing stage;The sowing date is before September 28 or from October 2 to October 5;The sowing rate is 185-225 kg/hm2,which can be increased according to the actual situation;The optimal input ranges of N5 P2O5 and K2O in summer maize were 245-290 kg/hm2,75-125 kg/hm2 and 120-150 kg/hm2,respectively;The planting density was 7.1-8.5 104plant/hm2,which could be adjusted according to the variety characteristics;The suitable sowing date is from June 11 to June 22.(3)In winter wheat planting,with the increase of soil organic matter and available phosphorus content,the yield-increasing effect of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer gradually decreases and the effective potassium content has no significant effect on the yield-increasing effect of potassium fertilizer;Phosphate fertilizer has a small effect on the increase in production and efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer;With the increase of potassium fertilizer application,the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on increasing yield gradually decreases;Variety characteristics have an impact on the sowing date,but the sowing dates of different varieties overlap.In summer maize planting,with the increase of soil organic matter content,the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on increasing yield gradually increases and the content of soil available phosphoras has a relatively low impact on the effect of phosphate fertilizer production.When the amount of potash fertilizer is high,with the increase of available potassium content,the overall effect of potash fertilizer on increasing production is in a downward trend;Phosphate fertilizer application rate has a relatively low impact on the effect of nitrogen fertilizer.When the amount of nitrogen is low,the increase in the amount of potassium fertilizer will reduce the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and When the amount of nitrogen is high,as the amount of potassium is increased,the effect of nitrogen fertilizer will increase.(4)The field validation results of nitrogen application rate based on boundary line optimization of winter wheat were consistent with the optimization results.The yield of winter wheat in the optimized range was significantly higher than that in the treatment outside the optimized range.The yield of Winter Wheat in the treatment with high nitrogen application was significantly higher than that in the treatment with low nitrogen application.There was no significant difference between the PFPN of the optimized treatment and that of the treatment with low nitrogen application,but it was significantly higher than that of the treatment with high nitrogen application.The field validation results of nitrogen application rate and seeding rate of winter wheat based on meta-analysis were consistent with the optimization results of meta-analysis.There was no significant difference between the optimized nitrogen application and high nitrogen application,but it was significantly higher than low nitrogen application.The PFPN of the optimized treatment was not different from that of the low nitrogen rate treatment,but it was significantly higher than that of the high nitrogen rate treatment;There was no significant difference in yield and PFPN among the three treatments,but the average value of optimized sowing rate was higher.The field validation results of summer maize density were consistent with the meta-analysis results,but the harvest density was not consistent with the meta-analysis results.The yield and PFPN of sowing density in the optimization range of meta analysis were higher than those of low sowing rate.However,the harvest density of summer maize was within the optimization range of boundary line,and the yield of low sowing rate treatment did not reach the target yield.Compared with farmers’ habits,the yield of winter wheat,increased by 1.92%and PFPN increased by 13.11%,summer maize yield increased by 15.37%,PFPN increased by 15.38%.