Effects Of Different Management Models On Yield And Environment Cost In The Rotation Systems Of Winter Wheat And Summer Maize

The north plain as one of the major grain producing areas in China, the coming decades must improve the level of agricultural production, and the current depends on the water and fertilizer inputs increase pattern can continue? How to improve the level of food production and nutrient use efficiency and environment protection coordination development? This research was conducted under the straw mulching condition, happened in Hebei piedmont plain, Set up different cultivation and management modes(farmer practice, High yield and high efficiency, Super high yield practice, Super high yield and high efficiency practice), discusses different management mode of winter wheat and summer maize yield and yield components discuss nutrient characteristics of soil – crop system, By using the LCA(Life Cycle Assessment) method compile the inventory of resource use and emissions of different models. In order to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for guarantee the grain production and improve resource utilization rate. The main results were as followed:(1) Compared with that of the customary mode of farmers, the yield of winter wheat of three management modes, including high yield and high efficiency, higher-yielding and higher yield and higher efficiency, have all improved evidently. the yield averagely increasing by 17.7%,27.8%,20.4%, the efficiency averagely increasing by 65.1%,14.2%,27%. The yield of High yield and high efficiency mode increasing by 10-15%, the efficiency averagely increasing by 15-20%, achieved the target. The yield of super high yield practice increasing by 30%, and nutrient efficiency also has a small amplitude, achieved the target; Super high yield and high efficiency practice was not to increase by an annual rate of 30%, and efficiency is also only two years reached 30%, to achieve high yield and efficiency increasing by more than 30%, also has a big difficulty, need to further explore;(2) Compared with that of the customary mode of farmers, the yield of summer maize of three management modes, including high yield and high efficiency, higher-yielding and higher yield and higher efficiency, have all improved evidently. the yield averagely increasing by 13.4%,27.7%,21.5%, the efficiency averagely increasing by 33.6%,-3.1%,1.8%. The yield of High yield and high efficiency mode increasing by 10-15%, the efficiency averagely increasing by 15-20%, achieved the target. The yield of super high yield practice increasing by 30%, and nutrient efficiency also has a small amplitude, achieved the target; The yield and efficiency of Super high yield and high efficiency practice was not to increase by an annual rate of 30%, to achieve high yield and efficiency increasing by more than 30%, also has a big difficulty, need to further explore;(3) Through three crop rotation, soil NO3--N down drench shift phenomenon obviously, wheat season showed accumulation,corn season showed leaching,each treatment performance accumulation in 120 cm-150 cm and 270 cm-330 cm soil, soil NO3--N of 270 cm-330 cm was highest, the accumulation value of farmer practice, High yield and high efficiency, Super high yield practices,Super high yield and high efficiency practices were 38.9, 30.1, 48.8, 36.7 mg/kg, respectively. The NO3--N of each soil horizon keep higher content, performance leaching trend obviously of Super high yield practices. Soil NO3--N content of High yield and high efficiency is low by integral level, the content of NO3--N was below 30 mg/kg. The total accumulative amount of Soil NO3-N content of mode in 0-400 cm soil horizon reached 890.1,768.4,1133.3,864.8 kg/hm2, respectively. The cultivation patterns of High yield and high efficiency can reduce soil NO3--N residue better,in the certain degree can relieve pressure on the environment effectively.(4) Through different cultivation management model years crop rotation breed, under farmers traditional model, the soil nutrient depletion is serious than at the beginning; High yield and high efficiency showed a little accumulation of organic matter, only 0.4 g/kg, available P、K nutrients not increased, soil NO3--N seriously decrease; the concentration of P、K were showed accumulation respectively, the concentration soil NO3--N showed a little decreases, the concentration of Organic matter depletion was serious; Super high yield and high efficiency practices showed a little decreases of soil NO3--N, other nutrients were showed accumulation, organic matter improved most, about 1.3 g/kg; Super high yield and high efficiency practices rotation gradually enhanced with the fixed number of year, play a greater role for soil nutrient and soil the sustainable utilization.(5) The resource consumption and environmental emission load of producing 1t winter wheat was evidently higher than that of producing 1t summer corn; compared with that of the customary mode of farmers, various environmental impact emission potential of producing 1t winter wheat and 1t summer corn by high yield and high efficiency mode and higher yield and higher efficiency mode were relatively big, the emission reducing potential of higher yield and higher efficiency mode was not evident; the comprehensive environmental influencing index of producing 1t winter wheat and 1t summer corn were both customary mode > higher yield >higher yield and higher efficiency >high yield and high efficiency; among various environmental impact types, the potential contribution of super nutrition of water was the biggest(about 80%), secondly environment acidification(about 8%), land occupancy(about 7%) and global warming potential(1%-2%), also not to be ignored.