Study On The Effects Of Two Coccidiostats On The Microbial Flora In The Cecum Of Chickens And Soil

As a parasitic intestinal disease,chicken coccidiosis has caused economic losses to the breeding industry.In order to prevent coccidiosis,a large amount of coccidiostats are used in the breeding process.Usually,coccidiostats enter the environment through animal excrement in the form of their prototype or main metabolites.Salinomycin is an important polyether ionophore drug,Ethanamizuril is a synthetic and first class national new drug,and the effect of gut microbes and environmental microbes is currently unclear.Therefore,in this study,Salinomycin and Ethanamizuril were used as the research objects to study the effects on microorganisms in chicken cecum and soil.This can provide a scientific basis for the rational use and environmental fate of the two coccidiostats.In order to systematically study the effects of different coccidiostats on microbial diversity and function,this experiment used 16 S r RNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology to detect and analyze the bacterial structure of chickens.The rusults showed that: the four groups is based on the compositon of the phylum,Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroides are the dominant bacteria.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the healthy group was significantly lower than the other three groups.Based on the composition of the genus conclude Escherichia-Shigella,Bacteroides,Faecalibacterium,Enterococcus,Alistipes,unidentified Chloroplast,Helicobacter,Tuzzerella,Butyricicoccus and UCG-005.The genus Faecalibacterium and Alistipes in the healthy group were significantly higher than those other three groups(P <0.05),and the genus Enterococcus in the healthy group was significantly lower than the infection group(P <0.05),but it was not significantly different from the other two groups.The main functions of caecum in the four groups of samples were mainly metabolism,genetic information processing,environmental information processing,the difference between the four groups of samples was not significant.Metabonomics analysis results showed that there was a significant difference between the metabolites of the Ethanamizuril group and the infection group.Compared with the infection group,the Ethanamizuril group had 51 up-regulated differential metabolites and 14 down-regulated differential metabolites.These differential metabolites mainly involved glycerophospholipid metabolism,purine metabolism,aminoacyl-t RNA biosynthesis,and Cysteine and methionine metabolism.Compared with the infection group,the salinomycin group had 43 up-regulated differential metabolites and 32down-regulated differential metabolites.These differential metabolisms mainly involved β-alanine metabolism,histidine metabolism,and vitamin B6 metabolism.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the effects of these two coccidiostats on microorganisms in the process of manure composting.The dominant species at the phylum level in fresh feces were also Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroides.With the extension of composting time,Firmicutes in the three groups of samples had an absolute advantage.Clostridium,as the dominant strain in the composting process,had no significant difference in relative abundance among the three groups of samples.The use of these two coccidiostats will not significantly change the dominant species in manure.The Biolog-ECO detection method was used to study the effect of adding two coccidiostats on the functional activity of soil microbial communities.The test results showed that the addition of Ethanamizuril did not change the diversity of soil microbial community within a certain period of time Adding salinomycin can increase soil microbial activity in a certain period.These two coccidiostats have limited effects on the microbial communities and metabolic pathways of the cecum contents of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella.They will not affect the microbial communities in the composting process.Ethanamizuril does not significantly affect microbial activity in the soil,but salinomycin may affect microbial activity within a certain period of time.