Correlation Analysis Of Antler Weight And Antler Traits Of Sika Deer And Screening Of SNP For Antler Weight

In this study,we analyzed the correlation between the weight and antler traits of sika deer in Jilin Province,and found the key traits that affects the antler weight.On this basis,the estimation model of velvet antler was established.We used Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR（KASP）to verify 9 SNPs（2 of which are located in exons）related to antler production in 190 individuals of sika deer,which were screened from two populations of Dongda and Siping sika deer.In order to get more candidate genes and SNPs related to antler weight,we used Mass ARRAY to detect the SNPs that may affect antler yield of sika deer,and analyzed the correlation between SNPs and antler yield.The results are as follows:1.We took 872 sika deer antler as the research object,and measured the weight and size of antler.The data were analyzed by partial correlation analysis,principal component analysis and the estimation model of antler weight was established.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the left and right sides of two-branched antler and three-branched antler.In two-branched antler,the weight of fresh antler on the left and right sides was strongly correlated with the length of main branch in two-branch antlers（P<0.01）.The first and second principal components are the comprehensive reflection around the main branch.In the three-branch antler,there was a strong correlation between the left and right fresh antler weights and the circumference of main branch.The first and second principal components are the composite reflection of the main portion.The third principal component is a comprehensive reflection of the branches.The three-branch antler has high symmetry on the left and right main branch parts.A total of four fresh antler measurement models in the left and right sides of two and three branched antler samples were created by stepwise regression analysis:left of two-branched:Y_2L=-1.641+0.028X₁+0.051X₂+0.018X₃+0.014X₄+0.027X₆（R²=0.815,P<0.01）right of two-branched:Y_2R=-1.619+0.033X₁+0.033X₂+0.008X₃+0.045X₄-0.008X₅+0.0318X₆（R²=0.798,P<0.01）left of three-branched:Y_3L=-3.793+0.034X₁+0.132X₂+0.014X₃+0.074X₄+0.030X₆（R²=0.881,P<0.01）right of three-branched:Y_3R=-3.686+0.022X₁+0.089X₂+0.112X₄+0.034X₆+0.019X₇+0.035X₈（R²=0.839,P<0.01）.2.We used KASP to verify 9 SNP loci which selected from the populations of sika deer in Dongda and Siping in 190 sika deer individuals from 7 populations.The results showed that 8 loci were successfully typed and 7 loci were polymorphic.The genetic diversity of the sika deer population was assessed using the information of 7 loci.3 SNP sites were low polymorphism sites and 4 SNP loci were moderate polymorphism sites.The average value of polymorphic information content（PIC）is0.232;The average value of Ho is 0.265,and the average value of He is 0.282;the average number of effective alleles（NE）is 1.91,which is close to the actual number of detected alleles 2.The above results indicate that the genetic diversity of the sika deer population is low.Using a general linear model to analyze the association between polymorphic SNP sites and velvet production,it was found that there was no significant correlation between 7 sites and velvet production performance（P>0.05）.In the SNP307156,there is a CC genotype that is the same as the known results,and the yield of velvet is about 4.6 kg.3.We used Mass ARRAY to type 130 SNPs in 188 sika deer samples collected from 7 sika deer farms.A general linear model was used to analyze the association between SNP loci and antler-producing traits of sika deer.The results showed that the loci SNP3761776 was extremely significantly correlated with antler-producing traits（P<0.01）,and the high-yielding genotype was GG.A verification population was built and perform multiple analyses on genotype and velvet weight.The results showed that the average yield of GG genotype was 4.99 kg,which was significantly higher than the average yield of CG genotype with 3.54 kg（P<0.01）.The loci was located in the upstream region of HMG20A gene,which may be involved in the growth regulation of pilose antler.