| Garlic(Allium sativum L.)is native to the plateau of western Asia and is one of the main vegetables for export in China.China is the country with the largest garlic planting area in the world,which accounts for more than 85% of the world’s garlic planting area.China is also the country with the largest garlic export volume in the world,accounting for 81.2% of the world’s total garlic export volume.Garlic is one of the most important spices for people to eat in their daily lives.Garlic bulbs have very high cooking,functional and medical value.There are many garlic germplasm resources in China.In addition,the ecological environment of different garlic cultivation areas is different.Therefore,the cultivated varieties in different regions generally have significant regional adaptability.Although garlic has been bred by asexual reproduction for a long time,However,factors such as the changing environment and climate have led to the continuous mutation of garlic.The frequent introduction of each other in various regions also causes a lot of garlic seed name confusion,species is not clear,the case of foreign or foreign names of the same name is very serious.The protection of garlic seed resources in China started late,insufficient collection and preservation resources,narrow genetic basis,genetic diversity and kinship lack of systematic research.It is urgent to collect garlic resources at home and abroad,identify the genetic characteristics of garlic seed resources,build a resource bank,identify the geographical distribution of seed quality,explore seed innovation methods,study supporting key technologies,and lay the foundation for the abundant harvest of garlic.Through the evaluation of garlic traits and the study of genetic marker diversity,the foundation of genetic traits analysis by GWAS was laid,which laid the foundation for cloning of garlic traits and other trait genes,and provided genetic resources for molecular improvement of traits.In this study,using 233 samples of garlic’s natural population data,using GBS to simplify genome sequencing techniques.The main results are as follows:1.The analysis of 25 phenotypic traits of 233 garlic showed that garlic germplasm resources have high diversity,and the coefficients of variation of weight-related traits are relatively large,such as bulb weight(58.7%),single head bulb weight(40.61%)and scale weight(43.46%),providing a wide range of germplasm resources and excellent genes for the selection and breeding of fine varieties.The correlations were extremely significant: bulb diameter and bulb circumference(0.982),bulb weight and bulb circumference(0.961),bulb weight and bulb diameter(0.953),garlic weight and garlic diameter(0.911),garlic weight and garlic weight Length(0.904).The yield of garlic cloves in group 1 was the highest,and the number of bulbs in group 2 was at least 8 petals.The yield of garlic cloves and bulbs in group3 was lower.The plants in group 4 had better growth and the highest bulb yield.2.The amount of high-quality effective data obtained is 1486.5896 Gb,with an average of6.3802 Gb per sample.A total of 2,036,116 high-quality SNPs were obtained,which were evenly distributed on eight chromosomes.PCA analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis were evaluated by SNPs,and the results were largely consistent.The population PCA divided the garlic population into four taxa.It is roughly the same as the agronomic traits of garlic.3.Based on the MLM(mixed linear model)and the significant level of-log10(P)>6.There were 9 and 30 significant regional signals related to garlic bolt weight and length,10 regional signals related to bulbs,of which 4 were related to bulb diameter and 4were related to bulb weight,There are 2 signal areas related to bulb height.And 219 SNPs related to the number of bulbs were detected. |
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