| Corn production system is consisted of different single technologies,which covers many different wide-spanned subjects,thus it is urgently needed to explore their compatibility.The author selected Xiping County,Zhumadian,as the representative of Huanghe-Huaihe zone of summer corn production,and systematic studied the effects of sex lure trapping,inductive resistance compounds,plough layer loosening technologies,organic substitution,etc,on corn pests,damage,and agronomic traits.The main conclusions are summarized as follows:(1)Interactions between or among sex lures:Studied the potential interfering effect of complex sex lures placing in a single trap.The results show that the sex lures of trap catches of the three key ear borer species(C.punctiferalis,O.furnacalis and H.armigera)were the most in the traps with only one lure of target pest,and the addition of sex lures of the other lures exhibited a certain interference effect.Among them,H.armigera sex lures significantly interfered C.punctiferalis trapping,while O.furnacalis sex lure only showed a weak interfere effect on C.punctiferalis trapping.The ternary complex of C.punctiferalis,O.furnacalis and H.armigera sex lures caught a comparable numbers of O.furnacalis males with the sex lure of this target.In summary,the lure with the highest comprehensive efficiency index of trapping in Xiping County,Zhumadian is C.punctiferalis lure plus O.furnacalis lures.(2)Controling effectiveness of green prevention using sex lures:When using sex lures(C.punctiferalis plus O.furnacalis)to control key corn pests,all pest species and damages in green prevention area did not show significant difference with control area.The survey of agronomic characteristics of maize indicated that corn ear position in green prevention area was lower,the ear was longer,and the number of ear rows was more than those of the control area;but the bald part of the ear was longer,the stalks of the ear were thinner,and the overall ear yield was slightly increased,compared to control area.(3)Effects of methyl jasmonate(MeJA)and methyl salicylate(MeSA)treated on corn on H.armigera larvae feeding and adult host choice response.The results show that methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate did not affect feeding behavior of H.armigera larvae,nor did it affect the host choice response of adults.(4)Effect of MeJA and MeSA on field pest occurrence,damage,and agronomic traits of corn.The results show that the numbers of O.furnacalis and C.punctiferalis larvae,as well as the number of ear-boring holes,were significantly decreased in treatment area,although there was no significant difference.Treatments with methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate could significantly reduce plant height.Methyl jasmonate could also significantly inhibit the growth of corn ears,including ear length,ear diameter and number of grains in rows.The length of corn bald tips and stem diameter at ear position were increased,and the grain yield of a single ear was significantly decreased.This shows that there is a trade-off between insect resistance and growth,and these two inductive resistance compounds exhibited detrimental more than beneficial effect in a whole.(5)Effect of different soil loosening techniques on the occurrence of summer corn pests.The results show that the amount of O.furnacalis was the most and the least,respectively,on corn treated with stalk composting agent and on corn treated with rotary tillage plus soil remediation agent.The number of C.punctiferalis was the most and the least on the corn with the soil loosening plus root promoting agent and control corn,respectively.The number of H.armigera is the largest in corn fields treated with deep ploughing plus application of soil loosening and root promoting agent in wheat season,while the existence of H.armigera is not investigated in the single application of straw decomposing agent,single application of soil loosening and root promoting agent and control fields.The number of holes in the ears and stems and the number of broken plants in the sky were the most in the corn field using stalk decomposing agent alone.In addition,the number of broken plants in the deep ploughing plus soil conditioner treatment group was also higher.In short,the application of straw decomposing agent alone will aggravate the damage of O.furnacalis,while the application of soil loosening and root promoting agent alone will aggravate the damage of C.punctiferalis.In short,there is an intricate relationship between the pest situation and plough measures,but the single application of straw decomposing agent treatment,deep ploughing plus soil loosening root promoter treatment,deep ploughing plus soil restoration and treatment,deep ploughing plus soil treatment,which significantly affects the average ear yield Improver treatment.(6)Under different organic substitution measures,the distribution of O.furnacalis in corn fields is relatively even.Relatively speaking,there are more quantities in the two treatments of 60%substitution level and 40%substitution level in the whole season.In comparison,C.punctiferalis is affected by organic substitution measures.The impact of C.punctiferalis is greater,specifically in the 60%replacement level in the wheat season,the number of C.punctiferaliss is the largest,and the higher level of organic substitution has a certain degree of negative impact on the plant height,ear height,ear diameter of the stem and ear diameter at harvest.(7)The resistance of Jinqiu 119 to H.armigera and P.maydis was significantly stronger than Zhengdan 958.The Yu’an 3 variety has the strongest resistance to P.maydis.(8)Feeding resistance of 17 maize inbred lines to O.furnacalis and S.frugiperda larvae.As a result,three inbred lines with the strongest anti-feeding ability of O.furnacalis were selected:CIMBL83,CML454 and CIMBL29;the two lines GEMS41 and CML486 had moderate resistance to O.furnacalis.All of these inbred lines did not show very strong resistance to S.frugiperda larvae.(9)The lethal effects of deltamethrin,abamectin,chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam,which are currently widely used in corn fields,were compared on the embryonic development stage and the initial larval stage of H.armigera indoor population.It was found that all the 4 insecticides tested had a good killing effect on the newly hatched larvae.However,for the embryonic development stage,the insecticide thiamethoxam,which is mainly based on systemic action mechanism,has a good killing effect.In production practice,if there are a large number of adult pests in the corn field and the eggs and young larvae are difficult to find,you can mix systemic insecticides such as thiamethoxam to truly reflect the policy of prevention and reduce resistance.Strong pressure on the control of older larvae.Altogether,sex lure trapping is a highly sensitive monitoring tool for corn insect pests,whose application field should be guiding the suitable time for pesticide(e.g.,thiamethoxam plus abamectin)spraying.The two inductive resistance compounds(methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate)exhibited somewhat insect resistance in corn field,however,whose detrimental effect on corn agronomic traits was very remarkable.Rotary tillage plus soil remediation agent was recommended as an ideal soil loosening technology in Huanghe-Huaihe corn plantation zone.From a view of pest control and yield increase,the suitable level of organic substitution in this zone was from 20%to 40%.The popular variety,Zhengdan 958,planted in this zone,is urgently needed to improve its resistance to insect pests and corn diseases. |
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