Integrated Control Of Wheat Yellow Mosaic Disease In Henan Province

Wheat yellow mosaic virus diease caused by wheat yellow mosaic virus(WYMV)is a viral disease.The pathogen is transmitted by Polymyxa graminis and led to severe yield reduction of wheat.In recent years,wheat yellow mosaic disease has emerged as the most serious virus disease of wheat in Henan Province with continuous spread.In order to establish a set of comprehensive control measures for wheat yellow mosaic disease control,this study carried out experimental research from three aspects:variety resistance identification,the exploring of sowing date and chemical control.The main results were as follows:(1)Identification of resistant varieties:In Suiping County,Zhumadian City,Henan Province,the resistance of 117 wheat cultivars were selected from disease garden in 2018 to 2019.The results indicated that 40 wheat varieties including Zhengmai 18,Xinmai 625 and Xinmai 28 have a disease index of 0,reaching a high level of resistance,accounting for 34%of the total number of varieties;Zhoumai 44,Zhengmai 158,and other 46 wheat varieties have a disease index of level 1,reaching the moderate disease tolerance level,accounting for 41%of the total number of varieties;The disease index of 20 wheat varieties including Zhoumai 16,Luomai 38,etc.was level 2,reaching the susceptibility level,accounting for 20%of the total number of varieties;The disease index of 9 wheat varieties,including Zhengmai 583 and Xinong 529,was level 3,reaching a high level of susceptibility,accounting for 9%of the total number of varieties.In 2020-2021,there 147 wheat varieties were clarified.The results showed that the disease index of 80 wheat varieties including Zhongzhimai 13,Xinong 172 and Guomai 33 were 0,reaching the high resistance level,accounting for 54%of the total number of varieties.The disease index of 45 wheat varieties including Ping An 918,Liumai 521,Ruihua 556,etc.was level 1,reaching the disease tolerance level,accounting for 31%of the total number of varieties.The disease index of 18 wheat varieties such as Federal 2 Hao,Lifeng 168 and Longpingmai 3 Hao was level 2,reaching the susceptible level,accounting for 12%of the total number of varieties.The disease index of 4 wheat varieties including Huaimai 40,Yangao 160,and Shangmai 178 was level 3,reaching a high level of susceptibility,accounting for 3%of the total number of varieties.The results of two-year comparison showed that nine wheat varieties such as Fengdecunmai 22,Huazhan 166 and Huacheng 5157 showed high resistance in two years.Baofeng 1530,Zhoumai 37,Guohemai 19 and other six wheat varieties showed disease resistance in two years.Zhoumai 38,Taihemai 6,Yanfeng 168 and other four wheat varieties were susceptible in two years.A wheat variety Shangmai 178 reached high sensitivity in two years.Some very good resistant germplasm resources such as Gaoguang 3709,Shanyou 225 and Zhoumai 22 were found through the analysis of parental sources of some varieties.(2)Sowing date experiment:At two seriously diseased fields in Suiping County,Zhumadian City,Henan Province,and Yuanqian Village,Luohe City,Henan Province,the field experiment of sowing date was carried out for two consecutive years,and seven sowing dates were set each year.The results showed that the sowing date from October 25 to October 30 each year compared 10-15d later than the conventional sowing time combined with appropriate increase in sowing rate,the incidence of wheat in the diseased field at the regreening stage were grade 1 or 0,with incidence and the yield were significantly reduced.The maximum production growth rates for 2018-2019 were 25.58 percent and 25.89 percent,respectively.From 2019 to 2020,the maximum production increase rates of the two regions are 9.09%and 12.13%,respectively.The results of accumulated temperature survey and incidence of wheat seedling in 3 years showed that low temperature in winter had great influence on virus infection and replication.(3)Pesticide control experiment:Pesticides screening test has been carried out in experimental base for two consecutive years.From 2018 to 2019,16 pesticides were selected totally mainly including new pesticides such as silver nanoparticles,amino oligosaccharides,coumarin derivatives,and ethyl garlicin.By using seed dressing methods,there are 16 new pesticides with no significant field control effect on wheat yellow mosaic.Gaoqiao(imidacloprid)seed dressing agent,Likexiu(tebuconazole)and their compound agents were selected for seed treatment from 2019 to 2020;Soil disinfection with 40%sodium dichloroisocyanurate and hymexazol and their mixtures.The results showed that 40%sodium dichloroisocyanurate 40 g-80 g/m2 soil treatment and Gaoqiao(imidacloprid)1:50(m/m)seed dressing could significantly reduce the incidence and yield loss,and achieve the effect of increasing yield.The maximum increase rates of sodium dichloroisocyanurate in the two places were 19.9%and 8.06%,respectively.The maximum yield increase rates of imidacloprid were 12.57%and 9.38%,respectively.Soil treatment with hymexazol and seed dressing with tebuconazole had no significant control effect.Six drugs including Gaoqiao(imidacloprid)and sodium dichloroisocyanurate were selected from 2020 to 2021,and the effects of different drug treatments on the root colonization of P.graminis at wheat seedling stage were explored.The results showed that the growth of wheat treated with Gaoqiao(imidacloprid)and sodium urinate of dichloroepidemic was good,which was basically consistent with the results of 2019-2020.The effects of the other four pesticides were not significant.In the seedling stage of wheat,the infection of wheat yellow mosaic virus was not correlated with the amount of cereal polymyxins in wheat roots.According to the results of the experimental study,the comprehensive control technology of wheat yellow mosaic disease in Henan Province has been initially formed:In the severe disease areas,the popularization of disease-resistant varieties was the dominant choice and the moderate or low resistance varieties combined sodium dichloroisocyanurate soil treatment with seed dressing imidacloprid and sowed later for 10-15d were appropriate program.