Evaluation And Innovation Of Common Vetch (Vicia Sativa L.) And Hairy Vetch (Vicia Villosa Roth.) Germplasm Resources

Common vetch(Vicia sativa L)and hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth)are high-quality legumes with strong resistance,wide adaptability,high yield,strong nitrogen fixation capacity and nutrient-rich.They can not only provide forage for livestock,and also improve the soil fertility and the soil structure,which is of great significance for ensuring food security and improving the ecological environment.However,at present,common vetch and hairy vetch have the shortage of germplasm resources and variety degradation.The evaluation and innovation of germplasm resources are the basis of breeding work.Therefore,it is of great significance to evaluate and innovate germplasm resources of common vetch and hairy vetch.Based on the collection of a large number of common vetch and hairy vetch germplasm resources,this paper screened out high-quality materials of different maturity stages through preliminary evaluation of their phenophase and growth traits.Further screening of cold-resistant mutations by physical and chemical mutagenesis techniques,laying the foundation for the innovative use of common vetch and hairy vetch germplasm resources.The main results are as follows:1.Commin vetch and hairy vetch germplasm evaluation(1)Observing the phenological period of 68 common vetch germplasm resources planted in Nanjing Baima Experimental Base,found 5 extra early maturity resources,22 early maturity resources,11 medium maturity resources and 30 late maturity resources;The preliminary evaluation of common vetch growth traits,13 excellent performance materials for two years,numbered 411,412,416,etc.,is suitable for high quality germplasm resources in Nanjing.In Nanning,there are 9 excellent materials for 404,412,415,etc.,which are suitable for high quality germplasm resources in Nanning.There are 4 materials with excellent performance in both places in the past two years,namely materials 412,416,425,426;these four materials can perform well in different climatic environments and are high-quality germplasm resources.Combined with the preliminary evaluation of phenological period and growth traits,it was finally identified that there were 2 high-quality early-maturing materials,numbered 425 and 426;3 high-quality early-maturing materials,numbered 411,423,453;2 high-quality medium-cooked materials,numbered 441,464;6 high-quality late-maturing materials,numbered 412,416,434,462,463,465.(2)According to the preliminary evaluation of common vetch phenological period and growth traits in 2018,7 excellent early maturing and early maturing materials were screened,and comprehensive evaluation of growth traits was carried out in Nanning in 2019.The results showed that:418 materials were excellent in plant height,stem diameter,fresh weight per plant,and number of branches per plant,which were excellent germplasm resources;according to the 2018 common vetch phenological period and growth traits Initial evaluation,screening 5 varieties,2019 in Nanning to carry out the product ratio test.The results showed that the material height and yield of material 418-2 were the highest,which was a high quality germplasm resource.(3)Observing the phenological period of 14 hairy vetch germplasm resources planted in Nanjing Baima Experimental Base,found one medium-ripe material and 13 late-maturing materials;comprehensive evaluation of hairy vetch growth traits in Nanjing for two years,including material 318 319,320,420 have performed well in both years and are suitable for high quality germplasm resources in Nanjing.Hairy vetch has a long phenological period,only material 420 is earlier,and it is a high-quality material with early maturity.2.Screening of common vetch and hairy vetch cold resistant mutants based on physical and chemical mutagenesis techniques(1)Using radiation vetch(469)and hairy vetch(312)as experimental materials,the radiation dose of radiation mutagenesis treatment was studied.The results showed that the common vetch semi-lethal dose was 345 Gy and the hairy vetch semi-lethal dose was 495 Gy,so both were treated with 400 Gy mutagenesis.(2)M2 generation common vetch was planted in Nanjing Baima Experimental Base.During the wintering period,most of the plant leaves were found to be purple,and only 8 plants showed bright green leaves.The chlorophyll and anthocyanins of different color plants were measured.It was found that the chlorophyll content of different color leaves had no significant difference,and the anthocyanin content was significantly different.The anthocyanin content of purple leaves was significantly higher than that of fresh green leaves.The green pigment content is the main cause of the difference in leaf color.Further determination of the relative conductivity of different color leaves showed that the relative conductivity of the leaves of fresh green plants was low and the semi-lethal temperature was low.Therefore,the cold resistance of fresh green plants was higher than that of purple leaves,which was a cold resistant mutant and provided cold resistance for common vetch.New germplasm.(3)The wild type hairy vetch was subjected to low temperature treatment,and a lethal temperature of-6℃ was determined.On this basis,about 3000 strains of M2 generation hairy vetch seedlings(3 weeks old)were treated with low temperature(treatment at-6℃for 10 h),and finally only 4 survived,the survival rate was about 0.1%,and the 4 plants grew well.The cold resistance is significantly higher than other plants,and may be a high-quality cold-resistant mutant,providing a new cold-tolerant germplasm for hairy vetch.