Effects Of Hairy Vetch(vicia Villosa)Combining With Natural Grass On The Integrated Soil Fertility In Apple Orchard

In recent years,a large number of domestic and foreign research found that orchards are grassing in the world's advanced countries,including America,France,New Zealand and Japan,but only Chinese farmers are still weeding.The major reasons are theorchard grass failed to effective application in our country,deficiency of organic fertilizer,efficient degradation of soil organic matter by soil microbes,lead to China's apple orchard soil quality and sustainable development ability decline.At the same time,weeding increases the production cost and is not conducive to orchard mechanization.To continue to increase the income of Chinese farmers,the main measures is also to save cost and increase the efficiency.To effectively solve the issue that the grass is disaster or friend in orchard and promote the application of orchard grass in China which is a modern soil management model,reports on orchard grass in domestic research increased significantly in recent years.In order to provide scientific evidence of application in grown grass,combining withcultivating hairy vetch,the authors measured the change of soil organic,nutrition,enzyme,microbial respiration and activity,the number of active microbial biomass and the utilization of carbonin in 0-20 cm ploughlayer,which was classified by cultivated-hairy vetch,grown-grass for 2,4 and 6 years,and theclean-cultivated apple orchard.Main research results are as follows:1.The soil organic and nutrition in 0-20 cm plough layer of cultivated-hairy vetch,grow n-grass for 2,4 and 6 years were higher than that of the clean cultivated orchard,reached extr emely significant difference level;2.The soil enzyme activity in 0-20 cm plough layer of cultivated-hairy vetch,grown-gra ss for 2,4 and 6 years were different between the groups.In 0-20 cm soil layer,the cultivate d-hairy vetch,grown-grass for 2,4 and 6 years,the soil catalase enzyme activity was not sig nificantly different comparing with the clean cultivated apple orchard,the soil phosphatase e nzyme activity were significantly or extremely significantly higher than the clean cultivated apple orchard,and the soil phosphatase enzyme activity of the 4 years grass growing orchard was 1.73mg�g-1,which was 1.78 times of that of the control(0.97mg�g-1),respectively.The s oil urease activity of the 2 and 4 years grass growing orchard were significantly or extremelysignificantly higher than the clean cultivated apple orchard,but there was not significant diff erence between the 6 years grass growing orchard and the clean cultivated apple orchard.Th e soil sucrase activity of the 4 and 6 years grass growing orchard were significantly or extre mely significantly higher than the clean cultivated apple orchard,but there was not significan t difference between the 2 years grass growing orchard and the clean cultivated apple orchar d.3.The microbial the utilization of carbon in 0-20 cm plough layer of cultivated-hairy vet ch,grown-grass for 2,4 and 6 years were significantly different between the groups.The res ults found by 6 categories of 31 kinds of carbon source showed that the carbon utilization ca pacity of cultivated-hairy vetch,grown-grass for 4 and 6 years were significantly or extremel y significantly higher than the clean cultivated apple orchard,but the carbon utilization capac ity of cultivated-hairy vetch,grown-grass for 2 years was lower than the clean cultivated app le orchard.The results found by 6 categories of carbon source after 96 h showed that there we re significant differences among different treatments,the utilizationthe of 6 categories of car bon source were significantly or extremely significantly higher than the clean cultivated appl e orchard.However,the utilization the of the other 5 categories of carbon source in the 2 ye ars grass growing orchard was lower than the clean cultivated pear orchard except for amine utilization.4.The soil microbial respiration and activity,and the number of active microbes in 0-20 c m plough layer of cultivated-hairy vetch,grown-grass for 2,4 and 6 years were different bet ween the groups.The results showed that the soil microbial activity and the number of active microbes of the 2 and 6 years grass growing orchard were significantly higher than the clean cultivated apple orchard.The soil microbial respiration of the 2 and 6 years grass growing o rchard were significantly higher than the clean cultivated apple orchard,but there was not sig nificant difference between the 4 years grass growing orchard and the clean cultivated apple orchard.