Design And Experiment Of Side Deep Fertilizer And Seeder Device Of Corn No-tillage Planter

As my country’s second largest food crop,corn is the anchor to ensure the food safety production in China.The soli fertility and physical trait of chinese mollisol region are great,and the average annual corn yield accounts for about one third of the total corn yield in China.However,due to years of soil wind erosion,soil water erosion,and unreasonable farmer tillage type,Chinese mollisol region has been seriously eroded,the black soil area has been greatly degraded,the soil fertility has been reduced year by year,and the fertilizer usage has been increasing.In order to realize the sustainable development of agricultural production in the chinese mollisol region,it is imperative to popularize the conservation tillage technologies.No/minimum tillage sowing machine is one of the main implements of conservation tillage,and the performance of its fertilizer and seeder device directly affects the fertilizer utilization efficiency and yield of crop.This article aiming at the problems of straw stubble distribution inhomogeneity,inconsistent soil compaction on both sides of the seeding belt due to deep-side fertilization,which causes the problems of lateral instability and ridge-dropping,At the same time,in order to lessen the number of times the topdressing equipment enters the ground,and maximize the fertilizer utilization rate,a no-tillage planter was designed,which could apply the base fertilizer laterally and deeply and distribute the seed manure vertically.And the structural design,theoretical analysis,finite element simulation and experimental research of its side deep fertilizer and seeder device was carried out.The contents are as follows:(1)The three-dimensional solid model of no-tillage planter was built in 3D design software Solidworks2016,which determined the overall structure and basic parameters of the no-tillage planter.The working theoretical analysis on no-tillage planter and its side deep fertilizing-sowing unit was taken,which provided theoretical basis for design and experimental study of fertilizer and seeder device.(2)In order to improve the performance of no-tillage planter,combining the fertilization agronomic requirements and the force balance analysis of fertilizer and seeder device in the horizontal plane,the structure design of the key components of the side deep fertilizing-sowing unit was carried out,such as arc fertilizer shovel,staggered double discs fertilizer ditch opener and seed guard plate.Through theoretical analysis,the mathematical model of lateral force on the grooving disc and the range of structural parameters of the staggered double discs fertilizer ditch opener were obtained.The three dimensional model of arc fertilizer shovel and grooving disc designed was imported into the finite element analysis software ANSYS17.0 for static analysis,so as to ensure that the fertilizer device could meet the intensity requirements of field work.(3)A working resistance testing device was designed and processed,and its working mode and testing principle was introduced.This test device could measure the forward resistance and the lateral force of soil tillage components under different fertilization methods in the field.(4)Field test and parameter optimization of the staggered double discs fertilizer ditch opener under the condition of side deep fertilization were carried out,which took the disc diameter,the disc angle and the disc dipping as the test factors,the forward resistance,the lateral force and the planting depth stability coefficient as the test indicators.The method used in field test was three factors and five levels quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination.According to the analysis of variance,the influence degree of each factor of the forward resistance,the lateral force and the planting depth stability coefficient was carried out.The design-Expert software was used to optimize the structural parameters of the staggered double disc fertilizer ditch opener,and the optimal parameter combination was determined as follows: the disc diameter was 352 mm,the disc angle was 14°,and the disc dipping was 7.5°.Under the condition of lateral depth fertilization,a comparison experiment was carried out between the staggered double disc fertilizer ditch opener under the optimal parameter combination and the traditional symmetrical double-disc furrow opener commonly used in Northeast China.The results showed that: straight-oblique dislocation Compared with the traditional symmetrical double-disk opener,the combined lateral force of the staggered double disc fertilizer ditch opener was reduced by 47%,the ditching depth stability coefficient was increased by 9.38%,and the straightness of the furrowing is significantly improved.(5)The field performance test of no-tillage planter in soybean original stubble field and cron original stubble field showed that the no-tillage planter designed in this paper has better lateral stability,no ridge drop and clogging problem,and higher fertilization and seeding accuracy,It could meet the industry standard of no-tillage planter design.