Combined Effects Of Dietary Emodin And Clostridium Butyricum On Growth,Physiological And Oxidative Response In Freshwater Prawn,Macrobrachium Rosenbergii

This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of dietary emodin and Clostridium butyricum(CB)on growth,physiological and immune responses of Freshwater Prawn,(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)with ammonia stress(average initial weight 0.19±0.005g).Nine experimental diets were formulated to contain three emodin levels(0,25 and 50 mg/kg)and three C.butyricum levels(0,250 and 500 mg/kg,2×107 CFU g-1)following a 3×3 factorial design.Accordingly,diets were named as 0/0,250/0,500/0,0/25,250/25,500/25,0/50,250/50 and 500/50(C.buryricum/emodin).The experiments were made up of three parts,as described in following:1 Combined effect of dietary emodin and Clostrdium butriyicum on the growth performance in Macrobrachium rosenbergiiAt the end of the 8-week feeding trial,weight gain(WG)and specific growth rate(SGR)of prawns fed 250 mg/kg(2x 107 CFU g’1)CB were both significantly higher than that of the other dietary CB groups(P<0.05).Besides,synergetic effect of CB and emodin was observed in the WG with the highest value possible in prawns fed diet containing 250/50 CB and Emodin respectively.CB significantly intruded the texture in terms of hardiness(P<0.05).The interaction of CB and emodin significantly affected the hardiness of meat(P<0.01).Adhesiveness was not intervened by either CB or emodin(P>0.05),however,their interaction effect was observed(P<0.05).2 Combined effects of emodin and Clostridium butryicum on haemolymph biochemical indexs and immune response in Marobrachium rosenbergiiBoth aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity and total protein(TP)contents were significantly induced as dietary C.butyricum levels increased from 0 to 500 mg/kg(P<0.05),while little difference was observed on AST parameter in terms of dietary emodin levels(P>0.05).Inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and Nitric oxide(NO)were significantly affected by the independent effects of emodin(P<0.001)and CB(P<0.05),with the highest value observed in the prawns fed at higher dietary CB levels.Regarding to inflammatory parameters the all-inclusive Pro-inflammatory cytokines relating interferon gamma(IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1(IL-1)and interleukin-6(IL-6)were significantly altered by emodin(P<0.01).Besides,TNF-α and IL-1 were also affected by the interaction of emodin and CB(P<0.05),whereas IL-1 was influenced by CB discretely(P<0.05).In addition,the significant difference was observed on the expression levels of relish among all the treatments in terms of emodin,and the interaction of dietary emodin and C.butyricum sparked higher relative gene expression levels of relish compared to the control.The individual effects of both emodin and CB on Peroxiredoxin 5 were highly significant(P<0.001).Peroxiredoxin 5 augmented directly with the increasing levels of dietary emodin and CB relative to the control.3 Combined effects of emodin and CB on antioxidant capacities in M.rosenbergii challenging with ammonia stressEmodin dictated the relatively lower superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity after stress compared to before.SOD showed significant difference between treatments after ammonia exposure in terms of CB(P<0.05)value).Similarly,glutathione peroxidase(GPx)exhibited significant difference between treatments after ammonia exposure in terms of emodin.Dietary emodin and CB sparked the relatively lower malondialdehyde(MDA)values before and after stress compared to the control.However,the lowest MDA level was articulated by 0/25 content in the diet in terms of emodin,whereas no significant difference observed amongst treatments in terms of CB.The interaction of CB and emodin at levels 250/50 and 500/50 pronounced similar result.Heat Shock Protein(HSP70)significantly affected by emodin alone(P<0.001)and in the interaction with CB(P<0.01)while CB showed insignificant result before stress(P>0.05)independently.After ammonia challenge,HSP70 endured the individual and synergetic effects of emodin and CB(P<0.001).Toll was significantly affected by both emodin and CB before and after ammonia antagonism(P<0.001).Similarly,dorsal was tremendously influenced by emodin and CB before and after ammonia challenge(P<0.01),and combined effects were observed before stress exposure(P<0.05).The results of this study indicated that C.butyricum and emodin in the diet could significantly improve the growth performance and anti-oxidative status alone or in combination in M.rosenbergii,which might be induced by NF-κB signal pathway.The effective compatibility concentration of C.butyricum/emodin was 250(2x 107 CFUg-1)/50 mg/kg.