Effects Of Agricultural And Forestry Wastes On Tomato Growth And Development

In this study,the decomposition and fermentation products of agricultural and forestry wastes such as chestnut shell,fungus residue,garden branches and chicken excrement were used as the main organic raw materials,the effects of five treatments(CK,NPK,m,1/2NPK + 1/2m,1/2NPK+ s)on the growth,yield,quality and fertilizer use efficiency of tomato were studied through physical and chemical property analysis,Germination test and seedling test,based on the research goal of replacing peat with agricultural and Forestry Wastes,the application effect of the artificial substrate with agricultural and forestry wastes as the main component in vegetable seedling raising and cultivation was evaluated,and the optimum proportion of each component of the artificial substrate material was expounded.The main conclusions of the experiment are as follows:(1)With the increase of the proportion of decomposed organic materials,the bulk density and water-gas ratio of matrix decreased,while the porosity of Ph and EC increased.The contents of total N,total P,alkali-hydrolyzed N,available P and available K in the Matrix were significantly increased.The seedling index,root length,root surface area and root volume of CK seedlings were much higher than those of CK seedlings.The germination rate,seedling index,chlorophyll content,root Nagane surface area and root volume of the substrate treated with T3(peat: Decomposed Organic Material: VERMICULITE: PERLITE: biochar = 2:4:2:1:1)were the highest.(2)The plant height,stem diameter,number of leaves,chlorophyll and stem diameter of substrate culture(1/2NPK + s)at flowering stage were significantly higher than those of other treatments,and the plant height and stem diameter at mature stage were also higher than those of other treatments,but there was no significant difference in photosynthetic rate.The fertilizer use efficiency of 1/2 NPK + s treatment was 42.3%,24.16%,50.16%,and the absorption and utilization rate of N,P,K fertilizer was the highest among all treatments.The fertilizer use efficiency of m treatment was 11.72%,6.89% and 13.78%,and the utilization efficiency of N,P and K fertilizer was the lowest among all treatments.(3)There was no significant difference in yield between substrate culture and other fertilization treatments.Compared with CK,substrate culture and other fertilization treatments achieved yield increase.The quality of tomato in substrate culture was higher than that in other treatments.The sugar-acid ratio of 1/2 NPK + s treatment was the highest,and the content of vitamin C was the highest in NPK treatment,which was 8.78mg kg-1,1/2NPK + s was next to NPK and 7.80 MG kg-1,which was superior to other fertilization treatments.The content of nitrate in substrate fruit was only 43.04 MG kg-1,which was lower than other treatments.In a word,when using the same material,the nutrient content of physical and chemical properties of the substrate changed greatly with the adjustment of the ratio of the substrate.Substrate culture increased plant height,stem diameter,leaf number and chlorophyll value during plant growth.Compared with other fertilization treatments,the yield was almost the same and the quality of tomato was significantly improved,reduction of nitrate content in fruit.Therefore,organic waste materials from agriculture and forestry have the potential to replace peat,substrate cultivation can significantly improve the growth and fruit quality of tomato plants,can become a means to reduce the obstacles of continuous cropping in greenhouse soil,and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer,protecting the environment.