GWAS Analysis And Morphological Diversity Of Production Traits Of Apis Cerana Cerana In East China

In this study,more than 6344 worker bees from 19 regions in East China,etc.,were used for measurement using the whole genome association study(GWAS)method and 42 international morphological index measurement methods to find the potential genes of Apis cerana cerana that reflect production performance indicators and use morphology Indexes and indicators reflecting production performance classify Apis cerana cerana respectively to understand the genetic differentiation and morphological diversity of Apis cerana cerana in different regions.The results are as follows:1.The 8200 SNPs detected have 28787 variant types,(of which the intron region contains 15736 variants,accounting for 54.66% of the total number of variants),a total of28787 pieces of information are annotated(including high destructive),2,380,and 2712 with medium and low impact,25,693 annotations were modified genes,and 2663 mutation sites were detected(of which,synonymous,missense,and nonsense mutations were 2632,380,and2632,respectively 1);A total of 19 SNPs sites that are significantly related to production traits were screened,of which 9 sites belonged to intron mutations,3 sites were in the intergenic region,2 sites occurred in upstream genes,and the remaining 5 sites The sites are in other regions.2.There are a total of 19 sites related to production traits,and 9 SNPs sites are significantly related to two phenotypic indicators at the same time.Two sites are significantly correlated with the length of the forewing and the length of the third web at the same time,and 7 sites are significantly related to the length of the forewing and the snout length at the same time.There are two phenotypes of the length of the third web at the cereoscope and snout length.No significant related SNP sites in common were found between the two,and the remaining 10 sites were significantly related to a single trait.3.Associated with 12 potential candidate genes that may be involved in the length of the kiss,the length of the forewing and the protein synthesis and metabolism of the third abdominal cereoscope length.Three genes(LOC107999876,LOC107996339,LOC107994844)are protein-coding genes that regulate multiple traits(such as snout length and forewing length,third abdominal cereoscope length,etc.);6 genes regulate a single trait,namely LOC108002765,LOC107996307,LOC107995488,LOC107994632,LOC107995667,LOC108004380;Candidate genes mainly involve cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors,globulin,ryanodine receptor,spongin,protein TANC2,mucin 5AC,mannose oligosaccharide1,2-α-mannosidase Wait.4.The evolutionary tree shows that Apis cerana cerana in 19 regions can be divided into three categories.Linqu and Jining in Shandong are clustered into one category,indicating that their populations are relatively stable and not closely related to populations in other regions;Qingchuan in Sichuan,Yiyuan in Shandong,and Shandong Qingdao,Chongqing Wulong,Shandong Feixian,Guangzhou Huizhou,and Hainan Wenchang are clustered into one category;Shandong Zaozhuang,Shandong Haiyang,Shandong Qixia,and Sichuan Mianyang cluster into one category,while the rest of the regions are clustered into one category.However,in the main factor graph,the Apis cerana cerana in Hainan and Mengyin belong to two places,and the Apis cerana cerana are distributed farther from other regions.5.The morphological study of Apis cerana cerana shows that 42 morphological indicators propose 4 main factors with higher eigenvalues,which are clustered into 3categories.Guangzhou Huizhou,Jiangxi Yichun,and Sichuan Mianyang always cluster into one category,and Anhui Lu’an alone gathers.It belongs to one category,Yantai,Hainan Wenchang,and Sichuan Qingchuan are clustered into one category,and the rest of the regions are clustered into one category;the clustering results using collection,flight and wax secretion traits are less similar to the clustering methods mentioned above.6.One-way analysis of variance found that the kiss length,color type indicators(such as upper lip,lip base,K area,SC area)and body shape indicators(hire femoral section length,hind foot tibia length,hind foot base tarsal section length,The width of the base tarsal of the hind foot,the length of the second dorsal plate,the length of the third dorsal plate,etc.)changed significantly(P <0.01).Wing indicators(the length of hind wings branch midvein,wing vein angle,etc.)did not change much,the flying ability of bees did not change much(P<0.01),and the elbow vein index was significantly different(P <0.05).In the study of Apis cerana cerana,cluster analysis and GWAS analysis of traits related to production performance were used,and protein coding genes that may correspond to production indicators were found.The analysis results can provide basic data for the evaluation of genetic differentiation of Apis cerana cerana populations,which can be used for further research.The classification of eco-geographical types among bee populations provides a reference.