| In view of the shortage of water resources in Heilonggang area of Hebei Province,farmers are used to border irrigation and flood irrigation in winter wheat production,and the amount of fertilizer is unreasonable,which result in serious waste of water and fertilizer,low utilization efficiency and soil quality decline.This paper adopts the method of combining field experiment and laboratory test analysis to study winter wheat in Baimu Village and Mengcun Village of Ningjin County,Xingtai City,Hebei Province.The plot experiment of supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture test and the demonstration of large-area water-saving irrigation technology were carried out in the two places.During the winter wheat growth space-time dynamic changes of soil moisture and nutrients of wheat were monitored in different growth period,and plant dry matter and nutrients in the body of the dynamic accumulation and distribution,yield formation were observed.Based on the analysis of crop water and fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits,the optimal water-saving irrigation mode suitable for wheat growth and high-yield in the study area was determined,which provided scientific basis for reasonable irrigation,reducing resource waste and realizing efficient utilization of resources in winter wheat production.The main results obtained in this paper are as follows:(1)Under the same amount of fertilizer,the soil moisture content in each soil layer was increased by the replenishment irrigation at the flowering stage,while the soil moisture content,NO3--N,available P and available K in the 0-20 cm soil layer at the flowering stage were reduced.The soil moisture content,NO3--N,available P and available K in the maturing stage remained at a relatively high level.Under the same irrigation times,the irrigation amount was increased by 73.7 mm and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 60 kg/hm2.The soil moisture content,NO3--N and available P contents were improved as a whole from jointing to flowering stage,and there was no significant difference among treatments in the maturity stage.With the prolongation of wheat growth period,the above indexes and the content of available potassium in 60-100 cm soil layer increased gradually.(2)Under the same amount of fertilizer and an increase in soil moisture measurement and supplementary irrigation at flowering stage,the average dry matter accumulation amount,N,P,K accumulations amount and the nitrogen partial factor productivity increased by 16.3%,21.0%,20.7%,16.3%and 26.9%,respectively,at the flowering stage.Under the same irrigation times,the increase of irrigation amount was 73.7 mm and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 60 kg/hm2.The accumulation of dry matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium of the plants increased from green to flowering.The above indexes decreased by 11.5%-16.4%from filling to maturity,and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer reduced by 57.6%.(3)under the same fertilizer rate and an irrigation increase at the flowering period for,farmland water consumption and soil water consumption increased by 15.9%and 11.9%,yield,net benefits and water use efficiency increased by 26.9%respectively,2019 yuan/hm2 and 15.3%,respectively.Under the same irrigation times,irrigation amount increased by 73.7 mm and nitrogen fertilizer application amount of 60 kg/hm2,farmland water consumption increased by 18.3%significantly,soil water storage consumption decreased by 22.7%significantly,precipitation and soil water storage consumption decreased in proportion to the total water consumption,and yield,net income and water use efficiency decreased by 20.5%,5398 yuan/hm2 and 48.8%respectively.(4)Compared with farmers’ customary measures management techniques,the soil moisture content and available phosphorus in the demonstration technology from jointing to grouting stage were lower on the whole,and the soil layer 0-80 cm deep in the maturing stage was higher than farmers’ habitual measures.The content of nitrate and available potassium in the soil from jointing to flowering was lower than that in farmers’ habits measures,and the soil layer 0-100 cm from filling to maturity was higher than that in farmers’ habits measures.Dry matter accumulation,the plant N,P,K accumulations of the demonstration technology from jointing to flowering were all lower than that of farmers,and the growth rate from filling to maturity was higher than that of farmers,with an increase rate of 22.0%-40.0%in maturity and a 77.0%increase in nitrogen fertilizer productivity.The effective panicle number,grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight of wheat in the demonstration technology increased by 5.2%-10.3%,11.1%-18.3%and 2.8%-8.6%,respectively;the yield increased by 42.0%;the total income increased by 6072 and 5801 yuan/hm2;the net income increased by 7128 and 6857 yuan/hm2 simultaneously.Above all,plots jointing stage,flowering and filling stage+recommended fertilization W3 processing wheat yield and water use efficiency is higher.The demonstration technology with water-saving irrigation had better wheat yield and nitrogen fertilizer productivity when the recommended irrigation amount was 135 mm and nitrogen fertilizer amount was 240 kg/hm2,indicating that the selection of reasonable micro-irrigation and fertilization measures had significant effects on wheat yield increase and efficiency increase. |
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